By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States and as Commander in Chief of the armed forces, it is ordered as follows: 1. The Secretary of Defense with respect to enlisted men of the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, the Marine Corps, the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps Reserve, the National Guard, the Air National Guard, the National Guard of the United States, the Air National Guard of the United States, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the Air Force Reserve, and the Secretary of the Treasury with respect to enlisted men of the Coast Guard and the Coast Guard Reserve, are hereby authorized and directed, after appropriate consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, to perform the functions vested in the President by section 505 of the Career Compensation Act of 1949, approved October 12, 1949 (Public Law 351, 81st Congress), relative to prescribing the quantity and kind of clothing which shall be furnished annually to enlisted men of the aforesaid services and relative to prescribing the amount of the cash allowance to be paid to such enlisted men in any case in which clothing is not so furnished to them. [Para. 1 amended by EO 12608 of Sept. 9, 1987, 52 FR 34617, 3 CFR, 1987 Comp., p. 245] 2. The quantity and kind of clothing, and any cash allowances in lieu thereof, prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury hereunder with respect to the Coast Guard and the Coast Guard Reserve shall, so far as practicable, be in conformity with those prescribed by the Secretary of Defense with respect to the Navy and Naval Reserve, respectively. 3. Existing regulations prescribing the quantity and kind of clothing furnished, and any cash allowances in lieu thereof, shall remain in effect until modified, revoked, or superseded by action taken pursuant to this order. 4. The term "enlisted men" as used in this order shall be deemed to apply to enlisted persons of either sex. 5. This order shall become effective on April 1, 1950, and on that date shall supersede Executive Order No. 10049, entitled "Delegating the Authority of the President to Prescribe Clothing Allowances, and Cash Allowances in Lieu Thereof, to Enlisted Men in the Armed Forces."
Executive Order 10113 Amended ⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
Executive Order 10113—Delegating the Authority of the President to Prescribe Clothing Allowances, and Cash Allowances in Lieu Thereof, for Enlisted Men in the Armed Forces
Executive Brief • At a Glance
⏱️ 2 min read (378 words) •
● Amended
🎯 Primary Mandate
The Secretary of Defense with respect to enlisted men of the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, the Marine Corps, the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps Reserve, the National Guard, the Air National Guard, the National Guard of the United States, the Air National Guard of the United States, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the Air Force Reserve, and the Secretary of the Treasury with respect to enlisted men of the Coast Guard and the Coast Guard Reserve, are hereby authorized and directed, after appropriate consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, to perform the functions vested in the President by section 505 of the Career Compensation Act of 1949, approved October 12, 1949 (Public Law 351, 81st Congress), relative…
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight
Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Armed Forces & Military Establishments Private Citizens & Property Owners Financial Institutions & Monetary Authorities
Legal Status & Amendment History
AmendedActions on this order
- Amended by EO 13286
Source: Office of the Federal Register executive order disposition notes. Orders before 1994 show only actions recorded by later orders.
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Harry S Truman on February 24, 1950, this order concerns Delegating the Authority of the President to Prescribe Clothing Allowances, and Cash Allowances in Lieu Thereof, for Enlisted Men in the Armed Forces. The Secretary of Defense with respect to enlisted men of the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, the Marine Corps, the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps Reserve, the National Guard, the Air National Guard, the National Guard of the United States, the Air National Guard of the United States, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the Air Force Reserve, and the Secretary of the Treasury with respect to enlisted men of the Coast…
Constitutional Assessment: Scrutinized through Article II, Section 2, this action exercises the President's constitutional role as Commander in Chief. Early Framers recognized broad executive discretion in commanding military forces during conflict, provided it remains bounded by congressional declarations and respects civilian domestic courts.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
▪
The Secretary of Defense with respect to enlisted men of the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, the Marine Corps, the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps Reserve, the National Guard, the Air National Guard, the National Guard of the United States, the Air National Guard of the United States, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the Air Force Reserve, and the Secretary of the Treasury with respect to enlisted men of the Coast Guard and the Coast Guard Reserve, are hereby authorized and directed, after appropriate consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, to perform the functions vested in the President by section 505 of the Career Compensation Act of 1949, approved October 12, 1949 (Public Law 351, 81st Congress), relative…
▪
The quantity and kind of clothing, and any cash allowances in lieu thereof, prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury hereunder with respect to the Coast Guard and the Coast Guard Reserve shall, so far as practicable, be in conformity with those prescribed by the Secretary of Defense with respect to the Navy and Naval Reserve, respectively. 3.
▪
Existing regulations prescribing the quantity and kind of clothing furnished, and any cash allowances in lieu thereof, shall remain in effect until modified, revoked, or superseded by action taken pursuant to this order. 4.
▪
The term "enlisted men" as used in this order shall be deemed to apply to enlisted persons of either sex. 5.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
🏛️ Armed Forces & Military Establishments
🏛️ Private Citizens & Property Owners
🏛️ Financial Institutions & Monetary Authorities
Policy Areas & Topics
🏛️
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight)
§
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
JM
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Madisonian Stance: Vigilant / Cautionary
AH
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"The direction of war implies the direction of the common strength; and the power of directing and employing the common strength must be under the direction of the single hand of the Executive." — Federalist No. 74 (1788)
Hamilton would forcefully champion executive discretion here. For foreign entanglements, commerce defense, and national security, deliberative assemblies are too slow and faction-ridden. A unified, energetic Executive exercising swift command is precisely what the Philadelphia Convention intended for national preservation.
Hamiltonian Stance: Strong Prerogative Support
GM
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
📐
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
⚖️ Discretionary Twilight Zone
42 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8
Low Friction
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Operates within delegated statutory execution without modifying legislative appropriations or taxing powers.
Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3
Moderate Friction
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Directs internal executive branch machinery, agency workflows, and federal personnel.
Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment
High Friction
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Creates friction with the Tenth Amendment by conditioning state grants, mandating local compliance, or preempting state police powers.
Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments
Low Friction
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers
Moderate Friction
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
Benchmark: Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
⚖️
Audit Synthesis
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
378
2,219 characters
Estimated Read Time
2 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
19.6
Post-Graduate Legal
Text size:
🔗
Referenced By Later Executive Orders (1)
Subsequent presidents who cited, amended, continued, or revoked this directive in later orders.
Related Executive Orders
1 order cited directly in this text, plus related actions from this administration.
EO 10049 Apr 2, 1949
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 10049—Delegating the Authority of the President to Prescribe Clothing Allowances, and Cash Allowances in Lieu Thereof, to Enlisted Men in the Armed Forces
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
The Secretary of Defense in respect of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Naval Reserve, and Marine Corps Reserve, and the Secretary of the Treasury in respect of the Coast Guard and the Coast Guard Reserve, are hereby authorized and directed, after appropriate…
Harry S Truman Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 10112 Feb 24, 1950
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 10112—Creating an Emergency Board to Investigate a Dispute Betweent the Carriers Represented by the Eastern Carriers' Conference Committee, the Western Carriers' Conference Committee, and the Southeastern Carriers' Conference Committee, and Certain of Their Employees
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
WHEREAS a dispute exists between the carriers represented by the Eastern Carriers' Conference Committee, the Western Carriers' Conference Committee, and the Southeastern Carriers' Conference Committee, and certain of their employees represented by the Order of Railway…
Harry S Truman Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 10114 Mar 3, 1950
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 10114—Creating an Emergency Board to Investigate a Dispute Between the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis and Certain of Its Employees
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
I hereby create a board of three members to be appointed by me, to investigate the said dispute. No member of the said board shall be pecuniarily or otherwise interested in any organization of railway employees or any carrier.
Harry S Truman College Level • 1m
EO 10111 Feb 17, 1950
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 10111—Establishing a Seal for the Central Intelligence Agency
📜 Art. II §3: Administrative Management & Civil Service
By the virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by the said section 2 of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, I hereby approve such seal as the official seal of the Central Intelligence Agency.
Harry S Truman Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 10110 Feb 17, 1950
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 10110—President's Communications Policy Board
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
There is hereby created a board to be known as the President's Communications Policy Board which shall be composed of a chairman and four other members to be designated by the President. 2.
Harry S Truman Post-Graduate Legal • 2m
EO 10115 Mar 8, 1950
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 10115—Restoring Certain Land Reserved for Military Purposes to the Jurisdiction of the Territory of Hawaii
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
The following-described tract of land situate near Puolo Point, adjoining Port Allen Airport, Hanapepe, Island of Kauai, Territory of Hawaii, is hereby restored to the jurisdiction of the Territory of Hawaii: Beginning at the west corner of this parcel of land, and on the south…
Harry S Truman Grade 6 • 2m
📜
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 10,113 (Feb. 24, 1950), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-10113-delegating-the-authority-the-president-prescribe-clothing-allowances.
