I hereby designate the Secretary of the Interior as the representative of the President to approve the obligation and expenditure by the government of the Virgin Islands of the moneys referred to in the said section 7652 (b) (3).
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on March 23, 1955, this order concerns Designating the Secretary of the Interior as the Representative of the President To Approve the Obligation and Expenditure of Certain Moneys by the Government of the Virgin Islands. I hereby designate the Secretary of the Interior as the representative of the President to approve the obligation and expenditure by the government of the Virgin Islands of the moneys referred to in the said section 7652 (b) (3).
I hereby designate the Secretary of the Interior as the representative of the President to approve the obligation and expenditure by the government of the Virgin Islands of the moneys referred to in the said section 7652 (b) (3).
Evaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)
Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"The direction of war implies the direction of the common strength; and the power of directing and employing the common strength must be under the direction of the single hand of the Executive." — Federalist No. 74 (1788)
Hamilton would forcefully champion executive discretion here. For foreign entanglements, commerce defense, and national security, deliberative assemblies are too slow and faction-ridden. A unified, energetic Executive exercising swift command is precisely what the Philadelphia Convention intended for national preservation.
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
Operates within delegated statutory execution without modifying legislative appropriations or taxing powers.
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Confined strictly to internal federal jurisdiction, federal property, or direct military command.
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.
This order operates in close harmony with statutory authority and standard Article II supervisory execution.
By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 7652 (b) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (Public Law 591, 83rd Congress, 68A Stat. 907), I hereby designate the Secretary of the Interior as the representative of the President to approve the obligation and expenditure by the government of the Virgin Islands of the moneys referred to in the said section 7652 (b) (3). DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
March 23, 1955.
Other executive actions signed by Dwight D. Eisenhower around this period.
Subject to the provisions of this Executive order, the functions conferred upon the President by Title I of the Act of August 28, 1954, Public Law 690, 68 Stat. 897 (the Agricultural Act of 1954), hereinafter referred to as Title I, are hereby delegated to the Secretary of…
Dwight D. Eisenhower By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 2 of the Act of July 20, 1942, 56 Stat. 662, and section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, paragraphs 1, 2, and 3 of Executive Order No. 9260 of October 29, 1942, are hereby amended to read as follows: "1.
Dwight D. Eisenhower I hereby designate and authorize the Honorable A. Cecil Snyder, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, to perform and discharge the duties of the office of Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, and to sign all…
Dwight D. Eisenhower Subsections (b) and (d) of section 1 of Executive Order No. 10483 of September 2, 1953 (18 F. R. 5379) be, and they are hereby, amended to read, respectively, as follows: "(b) The Board shall have as members the following: (1) the Under Secretary of State, who shall represent…
Dwight D. Eisenhower The description of Tract No. 1 contained in the said Executive Order No. 10309 of December 3, 1951, be, and it is hereby, amended to read as follows: TRACT No. 1 Beginning at a lead plug at the west corner of this piece of land, on the southeasterly side of the area formerly…
Dwight D. Eisenhower Of Executive Order No. 10119 of March 27, 1950, prescribing regulations governing the payment of basic allowances for subsistence to members of the uniformed services, is hereby amended to read as follows: "SECTION 1.
Dwight D. Eisenhower Exec. Order No. 10,602 (Mar. 23, 1955), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-10602-designating-the-secretary-the-interior-the-representative-the.
