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Executive Order 11184 🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority Constitutional Neutral (+0.02) 📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution

Executive Order 11184—Amending Executive Order No. 10530, Relating to the Performance of Certain Functions Vested in or Subject to the Approval of the President

Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon B. Johnson
•
Tuesday, October 13, 1964
•
2 min read (359 words)

Executive Brief • At a Glance

⏱️ 2 min read (359 words) • ● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate

Executive Order No. 10530 of May 10, 1954, entitled "Executive order providing for the performance of certain functions vested in or subject to the approval of the President," as amended, be, and it is hereby, further amended: (1) By inserting at the end of Section 1 thereof new subsections (x) and (y), reading as follows: "(x) The authority vested in the President by Section 6 of the Act of August 20, 1964, P.L. 88-459, 78 Stat. 558, to issue regulations governing the provision, occupancy, and availability of quarters and facilities, the determination of rates and charges therefor, and other related matters, as are necessary and appropriate to carry out the provisions of that Act.

View all 2 directives ↓
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority
Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
Framers' constitutional debate ↓
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Sovereign State Governments & Localities
Inspect unabridged text ↓

Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis

Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.

Signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on October 13, 1964, this order concerns Amending Executive Order No. 10530, Relating to the Performance of Certain Functions Vested in or Subject to the Approval of the President. Executive Order No. 10530 of May 10, 1954, entitled "Executive order providing for the performance of certain functions vested in or subject to the approval of the President," as amended, be, and it is hereby, further amended: (1) By inserting at the end of Section 1 thereof new subsections (x) and (y), reading as follows: "(x) The authority vested in the President by Section 6 of the Act of August 20, 1964, P.L.…

Constitutional Assessment: This action represents an orderly exercise of Article II administrative discretion, managing the internal machinery and personnel of the executive branch without abridging the ancient liberties of the people.

Key Directives & Operative Actions

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Executive Order No. 10530 of May 10, 1954, entitled "Executive order providing for the performance of certain functions vested in or subject to the approval of the President," as amended, be, and it is hereby, further amended: (1) By inserting at the end of Section 1 thereof new subsections (x) and (y), reading as follows: "(x) The authority vested in the President by Section 6 of the Act of August 20, 1964, P.L. 88-459, 78 Stat. 558, to issue regulations governing the provision, occupancy, and availability of quarters and facilities, the determination of rates and charges therefor, and other related matters, as are necessary and appropriate to carry out the provisions of that Act.

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"(y) The authority vested in the President by the first section of the Act of August 31, 1964, P.L. 88-538, 78 Stat. 745, to prescribe regulations establishing the rates at which the allowance provided for in that section will be paid (to employees of the United States assigned to duty, other than temporary duty, on one of the California offshore islands) and defining the areas and groups of positions to which such rates shall apply." (2) By inserting at the end of Section 4 thereof a new subsection (g), reading as follows: "(g) The authority vested in the President by Section 57 of the Alaska Omnibus Act (added by the 1964 Amendments to the Alaska Omnibus Act, P.L. 88-451, 78 Stat. 507), (1) to make the grants to the State of Alaska…

Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted

🏛️ Sovereign State Governments & Localities

Policy Areas & Topics

🏷️ Uncategorized
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The Framers' Constitutional Council

1787 Prism

Evaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.

🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority)
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"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."

— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
JM

James Madison

Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy

"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)

Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.

Madisonian Stance: Concurring (Statutory)
AH

Alexander Hamilton

The Energetic Executive & Unified Command

"The direction of war implies the direction of the common strength; and the power of directing and employing the common strength must be under the direction of the single hand of the Executive." — Federalist No. 74 (1788)

Hamilton would forcefully champion executive discretion here. For foreign entanglements, commerce defense, and national security, deliberative assemblies are too slow and faction-ridden. A unified, energetic Executive exercising swift command is precisely what the Philadelphia Convention intended for national preservation.

Hamiltonian Stance: Supportive of Execution
GM

George Mason

Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment

"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)

The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.

Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
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Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions

An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.

⚖️ Discretionary Twilight Zone
31 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8

Legislative Encroachment & Purse

Moderate Friction

Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.

Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3

Executive Scope & Faithfulness

Low Friction

Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.

Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment

Federalism & State Sovereignty

Moderate Friction

Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.

Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments

Due Process & Individual Rights

Low Friction

Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.

Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers

Youngstown Jacksonian Tier

Low Friction

The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.

Benchmark: Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
⚖️ Audit Synthesis

This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.

Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
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How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
359
2,048 characters
Estimated Read Time
2 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
15.8
College Level
Language Tone Score
+0.02
Constitutional Neutral
How is this scored?
Text size:

Official Archival Text

View Source Document

By virtue of the authority vested in me by Section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States, it is ordered that Executive Order No. 10530 of May 10, 1954, entitled "Executive order providing for the performance of certain functions vested in or subject to the approval of the President," as amended, be, and it is hereby, further amended: (1) By inserting at the end of Section 1 thereof new subsections (x) and (y), reading as follows: "(x) The authority vested in the President by Section 6 of the Act of August 20, 1964, P.L. 88-459, 78 Stat. 558, to issue regulations governing the provision, occupancy, and availability of quarters and facilities, the determination of rates and charges therefor, and other related matters, as are necessary and appropriate to carry out the provisions of that Act. "(y) The authority vested in the President by the first section of the Act of August 31, 1964, P.L. 88-538, 78 Stat. 745, to prescribe regulations establishing the rates at which the allowance provided for in that section will be paid (to employees of the United States assigned to duty, other than temporary duty, on one of the California offshore islands) and defining the areas and groups of positions to which such rates shall apply." (2) By inserting at the end of Section 4 thereof a new subsection (g), reading as follows: "(g) The authority vested in the President by Section 57 of the Alaska Omnibus Act (added by the 1964 Amendments to the Alaska Omnibus Act, P.L. 88-451, 78 Stat. 507), (1) to make the grants to the State of Alaska provided for in that section, (2) to approve a plan submitted by the State of Alaska for the implementation of the purpose of that section, (3) to specify reports to be made by the agency designated by the State of Alaska in accordance with that section and to prescribe the form of, and information to be contained in, such reports, and (4) to demand access to the records upon which such reports are based." LYNDON B. JOHNSON The White House, October 13, 1964.

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Referenced By Later Executive Orders (2)

Subsequent presidents who cited, amended, continued, or revoked this directive in later orders.

References Executive Order 11230—Delegating Certain Functions of the President to the Director of the Bureau of the Budget
Lyndon B. Johnson • 1965-06-28
References Executive Order 11196—Providing for the Performance by the Housing and Home Finance Administrator of Certain Functions Vested in or Subject to the Approval of the President
Lyndon B. Johnson • 1965-02-02
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Scholarly & Legal Citations 

Exec. Order No. 11,184 (Oct. 13, 1964), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-11184-amending-executive-order-no-10530-relating-the-performance-certain.