By virtue of the authority vested in me by Section 24 of the Act of March 3,1891 (26 Stat. 1103), as amended (16 U.S.C. 471), Section 1 of the Act of June 4,1897 (30 Stat. 34,36; 16 U.S.C. 473), and Section 11 of the Act of March 1, 1911 (36 Stat. 963; 16 U.S.C. 521), and as President of the United States and upon recommendation of the Secretary of Agriculture, the boundaries of the Allegheny National Forest in Pennsylvania are modified to include the following described lands: Beginning at corner 3 of Allegheny National Forest tract 33, on the south bank of the Allegheny River, a point on the exterior boundary of the Allegheny National Forest; thence northwesterly across and to the north bank of said river where it is intersected by the line between the Blanche Brownell and Collins Pine Company tracts; thence north along the said tract line projected to an intersection with the south boundary of warrant 5555; thence east along the south boundary of warrant 5555 approximately 75 chains; thence north through warrant 5555 to the north boundary of warrant 5555, east with the said warrant boundary to the southeast corner of warrant 5554; thence north to the northeast corner of warrant 5554; thence westerly, northerly, easterly, northerly, westerly, northerly, northwesterly, northerly and easterly with the boundary of the Armstrong Forest Company Hodge Run tract to a point on the north boundary of warrant 5561 approximately 95 chains east of the northwest corner of said warrant; thence through warrants 5560, 5559, 5558 and warrant 5557, following property lines where appropriate, approximately north 40 chains, west 6 chains, north 175 chains, east 7 chains, north 40 chains, west 10 chains, north 85 chains to the north line of warrant 5557; thence following property lines west along the north boundary of warrant 5557, 33 chains; thence through warrant 5567, following property lines, north 16 chains, west 15 chains, north 34 chains, west 40 chains to the west boundary of warrant 5567; thence north along said warrant boundary 15 chains; thence through warrant 5547 west 38 chains more or less to a point on Longitude 79°00' west; thence north through warrants 5547 and 5568 approximately 45 chains to the New York-Pennsylvania State line; thence east with said line to its intersection with the east bank of the Allegheny River, a point on the boundary of the Allegheny National Forest; thence south and west with said boundary to the point of beginning. All such lands and interests therein heretofore or hereafter acquired by the United States for or in connection with the Allegheny National Forest or transferred to the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Agriculture for management for National Forest purposes shall be administered as parts of said Allegheny National Forest and shall be subject to laws, rules, and regulations applicable thereto. LYNDON B. JOHNSON The White House, April 2, 1965.
Executive Order 11212—Including Certain Lands Within the Boundaries of the Allegheny National Forest in Pennsylvania
Executive Brief • At a Glance
All such lands and interests therein heretofore or hereafter acquired by the United States for or in connection with the Allegheny National Forest or transferred to the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Agriculture for management for National Forest purposes shall be administered as parts of said Allegheny National Forest and shall be subject to laws, rules, and regulations applicable thereto.
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on April 2, 1965, this order concerns Including Certain Lands Within the Boundaries of the Allegheny National Forest in Pennsylvania. Of the Act of June 4,1897 (30 Stat. 34,36; 16 U.S.C. 473), and Section 11 of the Act of March 1, 1911 (36 Stat. 963; 16 U.S.C. 521), and as President of the United States and upon recommendation of the Secretary of Agriculture, the boundaries of the Allegheny National Forest in Pennsylvania are modified to include the following described lands: Beginning at corner 3 of Allegheny National Forest tract 33, on the…
Key Directives & Operative Actions
All such lands and interests therein heretofore or hereafter acquired by the United States for or in connection with the Allegheny National Forest or transferred to the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Agriculture for management for National Forest purposes shall be administered as parts of said Allegheny National Forest and shall be subject to laws, rules, and regulations applicable thereto.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
Policy Areas & Topics
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The purse and the sword ought never to be in the same hands... nor the liberties of the citizen placed at the pleasure of a single magistrate." — Virginia Ratifying Convention (1788)
George Mason and the Anti-Federalists would sound a fierce warning. They feared that Article II would inevitably evolve into an elective monarchy. When an executive order impacts private rights, property, or civil liberties without individualized judicial process, Mason would see their darkest predictions verified.
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 11,212 (Apr. 2, 1965), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-11212-including-certain-lands-within-the-boundaries-the-allegheny-national.