Whereas the Food-for-Peace Program has fulfilled and continues to fulfill the hopes of its creators and is providing the United States with a significant new medium for advancing the cause of world peace and understanding through the use of our agricultural abundance to alleviate hunger, malnutrition, and privation among our neighbors abroad; and Whereas the objectives of the Food-for-Peace Program can now best be achieved by vesting responsibility for the Program in the Secretary of State, the Cabinet official chiefly responsible for our policies and programs abroad, so that the activities of this Program will be coordinated, consolidated, and carried out more effectively with related activities of the United States abroad; and Whereas the Secretary of State will be able to discharge these responsibilities more effectively through a special assistant specifically designated to assist him in carrying out the Food-for-Peace Program; Now, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by subsection (f) of Section 303 of the Government Employees Salary Reform Act of 1964 and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows: 409 SECTION 1. All functions of the Director of the Food-for-Peace Program, including those under Executive Order No. 10900 of January 5, 1961, as amended, and under the Presidential memorandum of January 24, 1961, relating to the Food-for-Peace Program (26 F.R. 781), are hereby transferred to the Secretary of State; and that order and memorandum are modified accordingly. SEC. 2. There shall be in the Department of State a Special Assistant to the Secretary of State who shall assist the Secretary as the latter may direct in connection with the carrying out of the functions of the Secretary under this order and shall perform such other duties as the Secretary may direct. SEC. 3. Section 1 of Executive Order No. 11248 of October 10, 1965, is amended by adding thereto the following: "(3) Special Assistant to the Secretary (Food-for-Peace Program), State Department." SEC. 4. This order shall take effect on November 1, 1965. LYNDON B. JOHNSON The White House October 20, 1965
Executive Order 11252 🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)
📜 10th Amend: Intergovernmental Federalism Cooperation
Executive Order 11252—Food-for-Peace Program
Executive Brief • At a Glance
⏱️ 2 min read (341 words) •
● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate
All functions of the Director of the Food-for-Peace Program, including those under Executive Order No. 10900 of January 5, 1961, as amended, and under the Presidential memorandum of January 24, 1961, relating to the Food-for-Peace Program (26 F.R. 781), are hereby transferred to the Secretary of State; and that order and memorandum are modified accordingly.
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority
Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
📜 10th Amend: Intergovernmental Federalism Cooperation
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Merchants, Importers & Commercial Enterprises Sovereign State Governments & Localities Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on October 20, 1965, this order concerns Food-for-Peace Program. All functions of the Director of the Food-for-Peace Program, including those under Executive Order No. 10900 of January 5, 1961, as amended, and under the Presidential memorandum of January 24, 1961, relating to the Food-for-Peace Program (26 F.R. 781), are hereby transferred to the Secretary of State; and that order and memorandum are modified accordingly. SEC. 2.
Constitutional Assessment: Reviewed under the Tenth Amendment and the principle of dual federalism, this order touches upon domains traditionally reserved to the sovereign States. The Framers would caution against any attempt to commandeer state officers or displace local police powers through federal executive fiat.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
▪
All functions of the Director of the Food-for-Peace Program, including those under Executive Order No. 10900 of January 5, 1961, as amended, and under the Presidential memorandum of January 24, 1961, relating to the Food-for-Peace Program (26 F.R. 781), are hereby transferred to the Secretary of State; and that order and memorandum are modified accordingly.
▪
There shall be in the Department of State a Special Assistant to the Secretary of State who shall assist the Secretary as the latter may direct in connection with the carrying out of the functions of the Secretary under this order and shall perform such other duties as the Secretary may direct.
▪
Of Executive Order No. 11248 of October 10, 1965, is amended by adding thereto the following: "(3) Special Assistant to the Secretary (Food-for-Peace Program), State Department." SEC. 4.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
🏛️ Merchants, Importers & Commercial Enterprises
🏛️ Sovereign State Governments & Localities
🏛️ Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants
Policy Areas & Topics
🏛️
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority)
§
"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."
— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
JM
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)
Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.
Madisonian Stance: Concurring (Statutory)
AH
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
Hamiltonian Stance: Supportive of Execution
GM
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." — 10th Amendment to the US Constitution (1791)
Mason would scrutinize whether this federal directive intrudes into police powers, land stewardship, or municipal domains historically reserved to local citizens. The Anti-Federalist demand is that federal administration must never supplant state self-governance.
Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
📐
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
🛡️ High Constitutional Concordance
30 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8
Low Friction
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Operates within delegated statutory execution without modifying legislative appropriations or taxing powers.
Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3
Low Friction
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment
High Friction
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Creates friction with the Tenth Amendment by conditioning state grants, mandating local compliance, or preempting state police powers.
Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments
Low Friction
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers
Low Friction
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.
Benchmark: Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
⚖️
Audit Synthesis
This order operates in close harmony with statutory authority and standard Article II supervisory execution.
Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
341
2,145 characters
Estimated Read Time
2 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
20
Post-Graduate Legal
Text size:
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Referenced By Later Executive Orders (1)
Subsequent presidents who cited, amended, continued, or revoked this directive in later orders.
Ronald Reagan • 1985-08-07
Related Executive Orders
2 orders cited directly in this text, plus related actions from this administration.
EO 10900 Jan 5, 1961
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 10900—Administration of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, as Amended
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
Department of Agriculture. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this order, the functions conferred upon the President by Titles I and IV of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1691-1694; 1731-1736) are hereby delegated to the Secretary of…
Dwight D. Eisenhower College Level • 9m
EO 11248 Oct 10, 1965
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 11248—Placing Certain Positions in Levels IV and V of the Federal Executive Salary Schedule
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
The following offices and positions are placed in Level IV of the Federal Executive Salary Schedule: (1) Special Assistant to the Secretary (for Enforcement), Treasury Department. (2) Principal Deputy Director of Defense Research and Engineering, Department of Defense. SEC. 2.
Lyndon B. Johnson High School • 1m
EO 11253 Oct 20, 1965
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 11253—Amending Executive Order No. 11157 as it Relates to Incentive Pay for Hazardous Duty
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
06 of Executive Order No. 11157 of June 22, 1964, is hereby amended by inserting "(a)" immediately after "Sec. 106.", and by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: "(b) As determined by the Secretary of the Navy, any member qualified in submarines who, pursuant…
Lyndon B. Johnson Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 11254 Oct 21, 1965
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 11254—Establishing the Automotive Agreement Adjustment Assistance Board
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
There is hereby established the Automotive Agreement Adjustment Assistance Board (hereinafter referred to as the "Board"), which shall consist of the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Labor.
Lyndon B. Johnson College Level • 2m
EO 11251 Oct 19, 1965
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 11251—Placing an Additional Position in Level V of the Federal Executive Salary Schedule
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
Section 2 of Executive Order No. 11248 of October 10, 1965, is amended by adding thereto the following: (3) Comptroller, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Lyndon B. Johnson High School • 1m
EO 11250 Oct 10, 1965
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 11250—Administration of the Peace Corps in the Department of State
📜 10th Amend: Intergovernmental Federalism Cooperation
Executive Order No. 11041 of August 6, 1962, is hereby amended as follows: (1) By substituting for the preamble of the Order the following: "By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Peace Corps Act (75 Stat. 612) and Section 301 of Title 3 of 395 the United States Code…
Lyndon B. Johnson High School • 1m
📜
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 11,252 (Oct. 20, 1965), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-11252-food-for-peace-program.
