WHEREAS organized crime is a problem of national scope affecting numerous cities and states; WHEREAS the problem of organized crime presents the Nation with a major challenge calling for coordinated Federal law enforcement efforts of maximum effectiveness; WHEREAS it is necessary to formulate a national strategy for the elimination of organized crime: Now, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, it is ordered as follows: There is hereby created a National Council on Organized Crime which shall be composed of the Attorney General, who shall be Chairman; the Secretary of the Treasury; the Secretary of Labor; the Postmaster General; the Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission; the Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division; the Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division; the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Enforcement and Operations; the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Tax Policy; the Administrator of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration; the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Director of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs; the Director of the United States Secret Service; the Commissioner of Customs; the Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization; the Commissioner of Internal Revenue; the Chief Counsel of the Internal Revenue Service; and the Chief of the Organized Crime and Racketeering Section, Criminal Division, Department of Justice. It shall be the responsibility of the Council to formulate a national strategy for the elimination of organized crime. The Council shall meet at the call of the Attorney General. RICHARD NIXON The White House June 4, 1970
Executive Order 11534 🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
Executive Order 11534—Establishing the National Council on Organized Crime
Executive Brief • At a Glance
⏱️ 1 min read (256 words) •
● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate
There is hereby created a National Council on Organized Crime which shall be composed of the Attorney General, who shall be Chairman; the Secretary of the Treasury; the Secretary of Labor; the Postmaster General; the Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission; the Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division; the Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division; the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Enforcement and Operations; the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Tax Policy; the Administrator of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration; the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Director of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs; the Director of the United States Secret Service; the Commissioner of…
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority
Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Merchants, Importers & Commercial Enterprises Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants Foreign Nations & International Entities Financial Institutions & Monetary Authorities
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Richard Nixon on June 4, 1970, this order concerns Establishing the National Council on Organized Crime. There is hereby created a National Council on Organized Crime which shall be composed of the Attorney General, who shall be Chairman; the Secretary of the Treasury; the Secretary of Labor; the Postmaster General; the Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission; the Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division; the Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division; the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for…
Constitutional Assessment: This action represents an orderly exercise of Article II administrative discretion, managing the internal machinery and personnel of the executive branch without abridging the ancient liberties of the people.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
▪
There is hereby created a National Council on Organized Crime which shall be composed of the Attorney General, who shall be Chairman; the Secretary of the Treasury; the Secretary of Labor; the Postmaster General; the Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission; the Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division; the Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division; the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Enforcement and Operations; the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Tax Policy; the Administrator of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration; the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Director of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs; the Director of the United States Secret Service; the Commissioner of…
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It shall be the responsibility of the Council to formulate a national strategy for the elimination of organized crime.
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The Council shall meet at the call of the Attorney General.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
🏛️ Merchants, Importers & Commercial Enterprises
🏛️ Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants
🏛️ Foreign Nations & International Entities
🏛️ Financial Institutions & Monetary Authorities
Policy Areas & Topics
🏛️
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority)
§
"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."
— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
JM
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)
Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.
Madisonian Stance: Concurring (Statutory)
AH
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"The direction of war implies the direction of the common strength; and the power of directing and employing the common strength must be under the direction of the single hand of the Executive." — Federalist No. 74 (1788)
Hamilton would forcefully champion executive discretion here. For foreign entanglements, commerce defense, and national security, deliberative assemblies are too slow and faction-ridden. A unified, energetic Executive exercising swift command is precisely what the Philadelphia Convention intended for national preservation.
Hamiltonian Stance: Supportive of Execution
GM
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
📐
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
⚖️ Discretionary Twilight Zone
31 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8
Moderate Friction
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3
Low Friction
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment
Moderate Friction
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments
Low Friction
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers
Low Friction
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.
Benchmark: Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
⚖️
Audit Synthesis
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
256
1,693 characters
Estimated Read Time
1 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
32
Post-Graduate Legal
Text size:
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Referenced By Later Executive Orders (1)
Subsequent presidents who cited, amended, continued, or revoked this directive in later orders.
Jimmy Carter • 1978-12-28
Related Executive Orders
Other executive actions signed by Richard Nixon around this period.
EO 11533 Jun 4, 1970
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 11533—Administration of the Export Administration Act of 1969
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
The power, authority, and discretion conferred upon the President by the provisions of the Export Administration Act of 1969 (83 Stat. 841; Public Law 91-184), are hereby delegated to the Secretary of Commerce, with power of successive redelegation. SEC. 2.
Richard Nixon College Level • 2m
EO 11532 Jun 2, 1970
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 11532—Establishing the Interdepartmental Committee for (the) Voluntary Payroll Savings Plan for the Purchase of United States Savings Bonds
📜 Art. II §3: Administrative Management & Civil Service
There is hereby established the Inter-departmental Committee for the Voluntary Payroll Savings Plan for the Purchase of United States Savings Bonds (hereinafter referred to as the Committee).
Richard Nixon Post-Graduate Legal • 3m
EO 11535 Jun 12, 1970
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 11535—Providing for Inspection of Certain Tax Returns by the House Committee on the Judiciary
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
Any income, excess-profits, estate, gift, unemployment, or excise tax return, including all reports, documents, or other factual data relating thereto, shall, during the Ninety-first Congress, be open to inspection by the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, or…
Richard Nixon Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 11536 Jun 13, 1970
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Fidelity (+0.41)
Executive Order 11536—Establishing the President's Commission on Campus Unrest
📜 5th Amend: Regulatory Execution with Due Process
Establishment of Commission. (a) There is hereby established the President's Commission on Campus Unrest (hereinafter referred to as the Commission).
Richard Nixon College Level • 2m
EO 11531 May 26, 1970
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 11531—Delegating Authority of the President Under Section 4102(a)(2)(B) of Title 5, United States Code, to Designate U.S. Marshals and U.S. Attorneys for Training
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
I hereby delegate to the Attorney General the authority vested in me by Section 4102(a) (2) (B) of Title 5, United States Code, to designate individuals appointed by the President as United States Attorneys and United States Marshals for training under Chapter 41 of Title 5…
Richard Nixon Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 11530 May 26, 1970
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 11530—Amending Executive Order No. 10624, as Amended, Providing for Regulations Relating to Personnel of the Department of Agriculture Assigned to Service Abroad
📜 10th Amend: Intergovernmental Federalism Cooperation
By virtue of the authority vested in me by Section 603 of the Act of August 28, 1954, 68 Stat. 909, and by Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States, that portion of Section 2 of Executive Order No. 10624 of July 28, 1955, as…
Richard Nixon High School • 1m
📜
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 11,534 (June 4, 1970), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-11534-establishing-the-national-council-organized-crime.
