By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States and pursuant to the Economic Stabilization Act of 1970, as amended, the Federal Advisory Committee Act, and section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows: SECTION 1. There is hereby established a National Commission for Industrial Peace (hereinafter referred to as the Commission). SEC. 2. The Commission shall consist of a Chairman to be appointed by the President, and such members representing labor, management, and the public at large as the President may, from time to time, appoint. SEC. 3. (a) The Commission shall explore methods by which labor and management may best reconcile their differences through the collective bargaining process consistent with the public interest in the outcome of negotiations; investigate means by which the Government may be most helpful in achieving this goal; encourage labor and management representatives in particular industries or sectors to develop and implement procedures to facilitate resolution of disputes and constructive bargaining in the public interest; and make recommendations to the President concerning these and related matters. (b) The Commission shall establish additional labor-management-public advisory panels with respect to particular sectors of the economy to provide special expertise to the Commission and to develop programs in these particular sectors. (c) The Commission shall convene at the call of the Chairman or the President or the President's designee. SEC. 4. The Department of Labor, the Department of Commerce, and the Cost of Living Council, to the extent permitted by law, shall provide support and technical assistance for the Commission; and the Department of Labor shall perform such other functions with respect to the Commission as may be required by the provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (Public Law 92— 463; 86 Stat. 770). SEC. 5. To assist the Commission, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Commerce, the Chairman and the Director of the Cost of Living Council, and the Director of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service shall be ex officio members available to the Commission for advice and consultation. SEC. 6. The President's Advisory Committee on Labor-Management Policy is hereby abolished and Executive Order No. 10918 of February 16, 1961, is revoked. RICHARD NIXON The White House, April 4, 1973.
Executive Order 11710 🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority Constitutional Fidelity (+0.29)
📜 Art. II §3: Faithful Execution of Statutory Law
Executive Order 11710—National Commission for Industrial Peace
Executive Brief • At a Glance
⏱️ 2 min read (380 words) •
● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate
There is hereby established a National Commission for Industrial Peace (hereinafter referred to as the Commission).
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority
Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
📜 Art. II §3: Faithful Execution of Statutory Law
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants Private Citizens & Property Owners
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Richard Nixon on April 4, 1973, this order concerns National Commission for Industrial Peace. There is hereby established a National Commission for Industrial Peace (hereinafter referred to as the Commission). SEC. 2. The Commission shall consist of a Chairman to be appointed by the President, and such members representing labor, management, and the public at large as the President may, from time to time, appoint. SEC. 3.
Constitutional Assessment: An early statesman would view this measure favorably under Article II, Section 3 (the Take Care Clause). The President operates strictly within the ambit of executing established laws and supervising departmental subordinates, respecting the supremacy of the legislative branch without fabricating novel statutory obligations.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
▪
There is hereby established a National Commission for Industrial Peace (hereinafter referred to as the Commission).
▪
The Commission shall consist of a Chairman to be appointed by the President, and such members representing labor, management, and the public at large as the President may, from time to time, appoint.
▪
The Commission shall explore methods by which labor and management may best reconcile their differences through the collective bargaining process consistent with the public interest in the outcome of negotiations; investigate means by which the Government may be most helpful in achieving this goal; encourage labor and management representatives in particular industries or sectors to develop and implement procedures to facilitate resolution of disputes and constructive bargaining in the public interest; and make recommendations to the President concerning these and related matters.
▪
The Commission shall establish additional labor-management-public advisory panels with respect to particular sectors of the economy to provide special expertise to the Commission and to develop programs in these particular sectors.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
🏛️ Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants
🏛️ Private Citizens & Property Owners
Policy Areas & Topics
🏛️
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority)
§
"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."
— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
JM
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)
Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.
Madisonian Stance: Concurring (Statutory)
AH
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
Hamiltonian Stance: Supportive of Execution
GM
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
📐
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
🛡️ High Constitutional Concordance
27 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8
Low Friction
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Operates within delegated statutory execution without modifying legislative appropriations or taxing powers.
Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3
Low Friction
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment
Moderate Friction
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments
Moderate Friction
Due Process & Individual Rights
Applies regulatory or compliance standards to private contractors or commercial entities.
Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers
Low Friction
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.
Benchmark: Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
⚖️
Audit Synthesis
This order operates in close harmony with statutory authority and standard Article II supervisory execution.
Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
380
2,437 characters
Estimated Read Time
2 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
19
Post-Graduate Legal
Text size:
🔗
Referenced By Later Executive Orders (2)
Subsequent presidents who cited, amended, continued, or revoked this directive in later orders.
Gerald R. Ford • 1974-12-12
Richard Nixon • 1973-07-12
Related Executive Orders
1 order cited directly in this text, plus related actions from this administration.
EO 10918 Feb 16, 1961
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 10918—Establishing the President's Advisory Committee on Labor-Management Policy
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
There is hereby established the President's Advisory Committee on Labor-Management Policy (hereinafter referred to as the Committee). The Committee shall be composed of the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Commerce, and nineteen other members who shall be designated by the…
John F. Kennedy Post-Graduate Legal • 2m
EO 11709 Mar 27, 1973
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 11709—Inspection by Department of Agriculture of Income Tax Returns Made Under the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 of Persons Having Farm Operations
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
Income tax returns made for taxable years beginning on or after January 1,1967, of persons having farm operations shall be open to inspection to the extent readily available in the Internal Revenue Service by the Department of Agriculture as may be needed for statistical…
Richard Nixon Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 11711 Apr 13, 1973
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 11711—Inspection of Income, Excess-Profits, Estate, and Gift Tax Returns by the Senate Committee on Government Operations
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
Any income, excess-profits, estate, or gift tax return for the years 1950 to 1973, inclusive, shall, during the Ninety-third Congress, be open to inspection by the Senate Committee on Government Operations or any duly authorized subcommittee thereof, in connection with its…
Richard Nixon Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 11708 Mar 23, 1973
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 11708—Placing Certain Positions in Levels IV and V of the Executive Schedule
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
The following offices and positions are placed in level IV of the Executive Schedule: (1) Administrator, Social and Rehabilitation Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Richard Nixon College Level • 2m
EO 11712 Apr 18, 1973
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 11712—Special Committee on Energy and National Energy Office
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
Three Assistants to the President, John D. Ehrlichman, Henry A. Kissinger, and George P. Shultz, shall constitute a Special Committee on Energy.
Richard Nixon Post-Graduate Legal • 2m
EO 11713 Apr 21, 1973
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 11713—Delegation of Functions Concerning Canal Zone Property
📜 5th Amend: Regulatory Execution with Due Process
Of Executive Order No. 11609 of July 22, 1971, is hereby amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraphs: "(22) The authority of the President under section 372 of title 2 of the Canal Zone Code to approve transfers between departments and agencies of certain…
Richard Nixon Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
📜
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 11,710 (Apr. 4, 1973), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-11710-national-commission-for-industrial-peace.
