By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including Chapter 6 of Part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2348, 2348a-2348c), and Section 6 of the Special International Security Assistance Act of 1979 (22 U.S.C. 3404), Section 2 of Executive Order No. 11896, as amended, is further amended by adding thereto the following: "(f) The functions vested in the President by Section 6 of the Special International Security Assistance Act of 1979 (22 U.S.C. 3404) are delegated to the Director. "(g) The Director shall, as soon as possible after the Multinational Force and Observers becomes operational on April 25, 1982, phase-out the activities of the Mission in the Sinai and terminate all functions of the Mission not later than September 30, 1982. "(h) The Secretary of State shall be responsible after September 30, 1982 for any residual actions which may be necessary to conclude matters initiated by the Sinai Support Mission.". RONALD REAGAN The White House, April 6, 1982. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:30 a.m., April 7, 1982]
Executive Order 12357—Sinai Support Mission
Executive Brief • At a Glance
Of Executive Order No. 11896, as amended, is further amended by adding thereto the following: "(f) The functions vested in the President by Section 6 of the Special International Security Assistance Act of 1979 (22 U.S.C. 3404) are delegated to the Director.
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Ronald Reagan on April 6, 1982, this order concerns Sinai Support Mission. Section 2 of Executive Order No. 11896, as amended, is further amended by adding thereto the following: "(f) The functions vested in the President by Section 6 of the Special International Security Assistance Act of 1979 (22 U.S.C. 3404) are delegated to the Director.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
Of Executive Order No. 11896, as amended, is further amended by adding thereto the following: "(f) The functions vested in the President by Section 6 of the Special International Security Assistance Act of 1979 (22 U.S.C. 3404) are delegated to the Director.
"(g) The Director shall, as soon as possible after the Multinational Force and Observers becomes operational on April 25, 1982, phase-out the activities of the Mission in the Sinai and terminate all functions of the Mission not later than September 30, 1982.
"(h) The Secretary of State shall be responsible after September 30, 1982 for any residual actions which may be necessary to conclude matters initiated by the Sinai Support Mission.".
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
Policy Areas & Topics
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)
Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." — 10th Amendment to the US Constitution (1791)
Mason would scrutinize whether this federal directive intrudes into police powers, land stewardship, or municipal domains historically reserved to local citizens. The Anti-Federalist demand is that federal administration must never supplant state self-governance.
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Operates within delegated statutory execution without modifying legislative appropriations or taxing powers.
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Directs internal executive branch machinery, agency workflows, and federal personnel.
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.
This order operates in close harmony with statutory authority and standard Article II supervisory execution.
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 12,357 (Apr. 6, 1982), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-12357-sinai-support-mission.