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Executive Orders Historical Archive
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Executive Order 13115 Amended 🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority Constitutional Fidelity (+0.41) 📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority

Executive Order 13115—Interagency Task Force on the Roles and Missions of the United States Coast Guard

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Thursday, March 25, 1999
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4 min read (797 words)
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64 Fed. Reg. 15283

Executive Brief • At a Glance

⏱️ 4 min read (797 words) • ● Amended
🎯 Primary Mandate

The Task Force shall report to the President through the Secretary of Transportation, and shall provide advice and recommendations regarding the appropriate roles and missions for the United States Coast Guard through the Year 2020.

⚖️ Constitutional Footing
🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority
Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Armed Forces & Military Establishments Sovereign State Governments & Localities Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants Private Citizens & Property Owners

Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis

Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.

Signed by President William J. Clinton on March 25, 1999, this order concerns Interagency Task Force on the Roles and Missions of the United States Coast Guard. The Interagency Task Force on the Roles and Missions of the United States Coast Guard is established. (b) The Task Force shall be composed of one representative from the: (1) Department of State; (2) Department of Defense; (3) Department of Justice; (4) Department of Commerce; (5) Department of Labor; (6) Department of Transportation; (7) Environmental Protection Agency; (8) Office of Management and Budget; (9)…

Constitutional Assessment: Scrutinized through Article II, Section 2, this action exercises the President's constitutional role as Commander in Chief. Early Framers recognized broad executive discretion in commanding military forces during conflict, provided it remains bounded by congressional declarations and respects civilian domestic courts.

Key Directives & Operative Actions

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Functions

The Task Force shall report to the President through the Secretary of Transportation, and shall provide advice and recommendations regarding the appropriate roles and missions for the United States Coast Guard through the Year 2020.

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Methodology

The Task Force will establish explicit criteria for screening roles, missions, and functions to determine how and by whom they would be best performed.

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Administration

The heads of executive departments and agencies shall, to the extent permitted by law, provide the Task Force such information with respect to the roles and missions of the Coast Guard as it may require to carry out its functions.

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General

The Task Force shall exist for a period of 6 months from its first meeting unless extended by the Secretary of Transportation and, at the conclusion, submit a written report as discussed in section 2 of this order.

Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted

🏛️ Armed Forces & Military Establishments 🏛️ Sovereign State Governments & Localities 🏛️ Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants 🏛️ Private Citizens & Property Owners 🏛️ Foreign Nations & International Entities
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The Framers' Constitutional Council

1787 Prism

Evaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.

🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority)
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"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."

— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
JM

James Madison

Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy

"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)

Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.

Madisonian Stance: Concurring (Statutory)
AH

Alexander Hamilton

The Energetic Executive & Unified Command

"The direction of war implies the direction of the common strength; and the power of directing and employing the common strength must be under the direction of the single hand of the Executive." — Federalist No. 74 (1788)

Hamilton would forcefully champion executive discretion here. For foreign entanglements, commerce defense, and national security, deliberative assemblies are too slow and faction-ridden. A unified, energetic Executive exercising swift command is precisely what the Philadelphia Convention intended for national preservation.

Hamiltonian Stance: Strong Prerogative Support
GM

George Mason

Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment

"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)

The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.

Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
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Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions

An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.

⚖️ Discretionary Twilight Zone
46 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8

Legislative Encroachment & Purse

Moderate Friction

Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.

Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3

Executive Scope & Faithfulness

Moderate Friction

Directs internal executive branch machinery, agency workflows, and federal personnel.

Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment

Federalism & State Sovereignty

High Friction

Creates friction with the Tenth Amendment by conditioning state grants, mandating local compliance, or preempting state police powers.

Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments

Due Process & Individual Rights

Moderate Friction

Applies regulatory or compliance standards to private contractors or commercial entities.

Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers

Youngstown Jacksonian Tier

Low Friction

The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.

Benchmark: Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
⚖️ Audit Synthesis

This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.

Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
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How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
797
5,057 characters
Estimated Read Time
4 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
14.5
College Level
Language Tone Score
+0.41
Constitutional Fidelity
How is this scored?
Text size:

Official Archival Text

View Source Document

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. #sec-1

(a) The Interagency Task Force on the Roles and Missions of the United States Coast Guard is established. (b) The Task Force shall be composed of one representative from the: (1) Department of State; (2) Department of Defense; (3) Department of Justice; (4) Department of Commerce; (5) Department of Labor; (6) Department of Transportation; (7) Environmental Protection Agency; (8) Office of Management and Budget; (9) National Security Council; (10) Council on Environmental Quality; (11) Office of Cabinet Affairs; (12) National Economic Council; (13) Domestic Policy Council; and (14) United States Coast Guard. The Secretary of Transportation shall select from among the Task Force members a Chair and Vice Chair for the Task Force. (c) The members of the Task Force shall be officials or employees of the Federal Government.

Sec. 2. #sec-2

Functions. (a) The Task Force shall report to the President through the Secretary of Transportation, and shall provide advice and recommendations regarding the appropriate roles and missions for the United States Coast Guard through the Year 2020. While the Task Force will comprehensively review all Coast Guard roles and missions, it will give special attention to the deepwater missions, which are those that generally occur beyond 50 nautical miles from U.S. shores. (b) The Chair shall consult with the Secretary of Transportation, Commandant of the Coast Guard, and, as appropriate, other heads of departments and agencies. The Chair may invite experts to submit information to the Task Force and hold field briefings or visits. (c) The Chair may acquire services or form teams to carry out the functions of the Task Force. The Task Force and/or the Task Force staff may travel as necessary to carry out the Task Force's functions.

Sec. 3. #sec-3

Methodology. (a) The Task Force will seek to identify and distinguish which Coast Guard roles, missions, and functions might be added or enhanced; might be maintained at current levels of performance; or might be reduced, eliminated, or moved to other private organizations or Government agencies. The Task Force also will consider whether current Coast Guard roles, missions, and functions might be better performed by private organizations (by contract or otherwise), public authorities, local or State governments, or other Federal agencies. The Task Force will provide explicit reasons for its recommendations. (b) The Task Force will establish explicit criteria for screening roles, missions, and functions to determine how and by whom they would be best performed. (c) For those roles, missions, and functions that the Task Force recommends be performed by the Coast Guard, the Task Force will advise as to how they might be performed most effectively and efficiently. (d) The Task Force will consider the impact on Coast Guard roles, missions, and functions of future prospects in various areas, including technology, demographics, the law of the sea, marine pollution, and national security. (e) The Task Force shall review each of the Coast Guard's law enforcement and national security missions and functions according to the methodology described in this section. However, in conducting that review, the Task Force shall assume that the Coast Guard will remain a law enforcement agency and an armed force of the United States.

Sec. 4. #sec-4

Administration. (a) The heads of executive departments and agencies shall, to the extent permitted by law, provide the Task Force such information with respect to the roles and missions of the Coast Guard as it may require to carry out its functions. (b) The Coast Guard shall support the Task Force administratively and financially. (c) The Secretary of Transportation shall appoint a Staff Director for the Task Force. (d) Assigned staff shall possess a balanced and broad base of experience to include persons of experience in national security, military operations, foreign and domestic policy, international affairs, economic policy, environmental protection, and law enforcement. Staff members may include military members on active duty, Reserve members of any component, and Federal civilian employees.

Sec. 5. #sec-5

General. (a) The Task Force shall exist for a period of 6 months from its first meeting unless extended by the Secretary of Transportation and, at the conclusion, submit a written report as discussed in section 2 of this order. (b) The recommendations of the Task Force will be considered in determining the appropriate level of investment in the Coast Guard's Deepwater Capability Replacement Project, a system of cutters and aircraft with an integrated command, control, communications, and sensor infrastructure. The Task Force may provide an interim report for use in preparation of the Federal budget for Fiscal Year 2001. William J. Clinton The White House, March 25, 1999. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:01 a.m., March 29, 1999]

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Referenced By Later Executive Orders (1)

Subsequent presidents who cited, amended, continued, or revoked this directive in later orders.

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Scholarly & Legal Citations

Exec. Order No. 13,115, 64 Fed. Reg. 15,283 (Mar. 25, 1999).