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Every President • 1789 to Present

Executive Order 13118 Constitutional Fidelity (+0.41)

Executive Order 13118—Implementation of the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998

Wednesday, March 31, 1999
11 min read (2,109 words)

Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis

Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.

This executive order, signed by President William J. Clinton on 1999-03-31, establishes federal administrative policy concerning "Implementation of the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998." It is an expansive, comprehensive regulatory directive mandating coordinated enforcement, detailed procedural standards, and formal agency compliance benchmarks across multiple federal departments.

Constitutional Assessment: Scrutinized through Article II, Section 2, this action exercises the President's constitutional role as Commander in Chief. Early Framers recognized broad executive discretion in commanding military forces during conflict, provided it remains bounded by congressional declarations and respects civilian domestic courts.

Key Directives & Operative Actions

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 621 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended (22 U.S.C.
Part 1-1 of Executive Order 12163, as amended, is amended to read as follows: "1-1.
"(b) The functions under section 653 of the Act delegated to the Secretary shall be exercised in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, insofar as they relate to functions under the Act administered by the Department of Defense, and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
"(c) The functions under sections 239(f), 620(e), 620(g), 620(j), 620(q), and 620(s) of the Act delegated to the Secretary shall be exercised in consultation with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development.

Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted

🏛️ Armed Forces & Military Establishments 🏛️ Merchants, Importers & Commercial Enterprises 🏛️ Sovereign State Governments & Localities 🏛️ Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants 🏛️ Private Citizens & Property Owners
Total Words
2,109
13,496 characters
Estimated Read Time
11 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
18.3
Post-Grad reading level
Constitutional Polarity
+0.41
Framers' Alignment index
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Scholarly & Legal Citations

Exec. Order No. 13118, William J. Clinton (Mar 31, 1999). Available at https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-13118-implementation-the-foreign-affairs-reform-and-restructuring-act-1998.

Official Document Text

Source: The American Presidency Project (UCSB Archive)