Executive Order 13119 Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)

Executive Order 13119—Designation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia/Montenegro), Albania, the Airspace Above, and Adjacent Waters as a Combat Zone

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Tuesday, April 13, 1999

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1 min read (135 words)

Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis

Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.

This executive order, signed by President William J. Clinton on 1999-04-13, establishes federal administrative policy concerning "Designation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia/Montenegro), Albania, the Airspace Above, and Adjacent Waters as a Combat Zone." It is a direct, concise executive instruction delivering focused administrative or military commands to department leadership.

Constitutional Assessment: Scrutinized through Article II, Section 2, this action exercises the President's constitutional role as Commander in Chief. Early Framers recognized broad executive discretion in commanding military forces during conflict, provided it remains bounded by congressional declarations and respects civilian domestic courts.

Key Directives & Operative Actions

▪ Formal executive instruction issued by the President establishing official administrative policy on Designation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia/Montenegro), Albania, the Airspace Above, and Adjacent Waters as a Combat Zone.

Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted

🏛️ Armed Forces & Military Establishments 🏛️ Financial Institutions & Monetary Authorities

Total Words

135

788 characters

Estimated Read Time

1 min

@ 200 words / min

Flesch-Kincaid

12.7

Post-Grad reading level

Constitutional Polarity

+0.02

Framers' Alignment index

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Scholarly & Legal Citations

Exec. Order No. 13119, William J. Clinton (Apr 13, 1999). Available at https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-13119-designation-federal-republic-yugoslavia-serbiamontenegro-albania-the.

Official Document Text

Source: The American Presidency Project (UCSB Archive)

Original Source →

Pursuant to the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including section 112 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 112), I designate, for the purposes of that section, the following locations, including the airspace above such locations, as an area in which Armed Forces of the United States are and have been engaged in combat: — The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia/Montenegro); — Albania; — the Adriatic Sea; — the Ionian Sea north of the 39th parallel. For the purposes of this order, I designate March 24, 1999, as the date of the commencement of combatant activities in such zone. William J. Clinton The White House, April 13, 1999. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 8:45 a.m., April 15, 1999]