By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to amend the date by which the Identity Theft Task Force shall submit to the President its coordinated strategic plan, it is hereby ordered that section 3(a) of Executive Order 13402 of May 10, 2006, is amended to read as follows: "review the activities of executive branch departments, agencies, and instrumentalities relating to the policy set forth in section 1, and building upon these prior activities, prepare and submit in writing to the President by February 9, 2007, or as soon as practicable thereafter as the Chairman and Co-Chairman shall determine, a coordinated strategic plan to further improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the Federal Government's activities in the areas of identity theft awareness, prevention, detection, and prosecution.". George W. Bush The White House, November 3, 2006.
Executive Order 13414 🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority Constitutional Fidelity (+0.23)
📜 Art. II §3: Faithful Execution of Statutory Law
Executive Order 13414—Amendment to Executive Order 13402, Strengthening Federal Efforts To Protect Against Identity Theft
Executive Brief • At a Glance
⏱️ 1 min read (150 words) •
● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate
Section 3(a) of Executive Order 13402 of May 10, 2006, is amended to read as follows: "review the activities of executive branch departments, agencies, and instrumentalities relating to the policy set forth in section 1, and building upon these prior activities, prepare and submit in writing to the President by February 9, 2007, or as soon as practicable thereafter as the Chairman and Co-Chairman shall determine, a coordinated strategic plan to further improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the Federal Government's activities in the areas of identity theft awareness, prevention, detection, and prosecution.".
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority
Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
📜 Art. II §3: Faithful Execution of Statutory Law
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants
Legal Status & Amendment History
What this order changed
- Amends EO 13402 (May 10, 2006)
Source: Office of the Federal Register executive order disposition notes. Orders before 1994 show only actions recorded by later orders.
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President George W. Bush on November 3, 2006, this order concerns Amendment to Executive Order 13402, Strengthening Federal Efforts To Protect Against Identity Theft. Section 3(a) of Executive Order 13402 of May 10, 2006, is amended to read as follows: "review the activities of executive branch departments, agencies, and instrumentalities relating to the policy set forth in section 1, and building upon these prior activities, prepare and submit in writing to the President by February 9, 2007, or as soon as practicable thereafter as the Chairman and Co-Chairman shall determine, a…
Constitutional Assessment: An early statesman would view this measure favorably under Article II, Section 3 (the Take Care Clause). The President operates strictly within the ambit of executing established laws and supervising departmental subordinates, respecting the supremacy of the legislative branch without fabricating novel statutory obligations.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
▪
Section 3(a) of Executive Order 13402 of May 10, 2006, is amended to read as follows: "review the activities of executive branch departments, agencies, and instrumentalities relating to the policy set forth in section 1, and building upon these prior activities, prepare and submit in writing to the President by February 9, 2007, or as soon as practicable thereafter as the Chairman and Co-Chairman shall determine, a coordinated strategic plan to further improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the Federal Government's activities in the areas of identity theft awareness, prevention, detection, and prosecution.".
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
🏛️ Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants
Policy Areas & Topics
🏛️
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority)
§
"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."
— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
JM
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)
Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.
Madisonian Stance: Concurring (Statutory)
AH
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
Hamiltonian Stance: Supportive of Execution
GM
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
📐
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
🛡️ High Constitutional Concordance
23 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8
Low Friction
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Operates within delegated statutory execution without modifying legislative appropriations or taxing powers.
Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3
Low Friction
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment
Moderate Friction
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments
Low Friction
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers
Low Friction
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.
Benchmark: Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
⚖️
Audit Synthesis
This order operates in close harmony with statutory authority and standard Article II supervisory execution.
Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
150
937 characters
Estimated Read Time
1 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
35.1
Post-Graduate Legal
Text size:
Related Executive Orders
1 order cited directly in this text, plus related actions from this administration.
EO 13402 Amended May 10, 2006
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Fidelity (+0.66)
Executive Order 13402—Strengthening Federal Efforts To Protect Against Identity Theft
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
It is the policy of the United States to use Federal resources effectively to deter, prevent, detect, investigate, proceed against, and prosecute unlawful use by persons of the identifying information of other persons, including through: (a) increased aggressive law enforcement…
George W. Bush Post-Graduate Legal • 5m
EO 13413 Amended Oct 27, 2006
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Fidelity (+0.32)
Executive Order 13413—Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
Except to the extent that section 203(b)(1), (3), and (4) of the IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)(1), (3), and (4)) may apply, or to the extent provided in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered…
George W. Bush Post-Graduate Legal • 6m
EO 13412 Revoked Oct 13, 2006
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Fidelity (+0.32)
Executive Order 13412—Blocking Property of and Prohibiting Transactions With the Government of Sudan
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
The National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.)(NEA), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and taking appropriate account of the Darfur Peace and Accountability Act of 2006 (the "Act"), I, George W. Bush, President of the United States of America, find that…
George W. Bush Post-Graduate Legal • 6m
EO 13415 Dec 1, 2006
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Fidelity (+0.23)
Executive Order 13415—Assignment of Certain Pay-Related Functions
📜 Art. II §3: Administrative Management & Civil Service
The functions of the President under sections 4505a, 5305, and 5377 of title 5, United States Code, are assigned to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management. Sec. 2. Revocations. (a) Sections 3 and 6 of Executive Order 12748 of February 1, 1991, as amended, are revoked.
George W. Bush High School • 1m
EO 13416 Dec 5, 2006
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Fidelity (+0.62)
Executive Order 13416—Strengthening Surface Transportation Security
📜 5th Amend: Regulatory Execution with Due Process
The security of our Nation's surface transportation systems is a national priority, vital to our economy, and essential to the security of our Nation.
George W. Bush Post-Graduate Legal • 5m
EO 13417 Dec 6, 2006
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Fidelity (+0.23)
Executive Order 13417—Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate Disputes Between Metro-North Railroad and Certain of Its Employees Represented by Certain Labor Organizations
📜 Art. II §3: Administrative Management & Civil Service
Establishment of Emergency Board (Board). There is established, effective 12:01 a.m. eastern standard time on December 7, 2006, a Board of three members to be appointed by the President to investigate and report on these disputes.
George W. Bush High School • 2m
📜
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 13,414, 71 Fed. Reg. 65,365 (Nov. 3, 2006).
