By virtue of the authority vested in me by an act of Congress entitled "An act to define, regulate, and punish trading with the enemy, and for other purposes," approved October 6, 1917, known as the "Trading with the enemy Act," and the amendments to such act embodied in "An act making appropriations to supply urgent deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eighteen, and prior fiscal years, on account of war expenses, and for other purposes," approved March 28, 1918, and the amendment to such act embodied in "An act making appropriations to supply deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, and prior fiscal yeafs, on account of war expenses, and for other purposes," approved November 4, 1918, and all other amendments thereto, to make certain orders such as that herein contained, I hereby, in the public interest, make the following determination, order, rule, and regulation: The Alien Property Custodian is hereby authorized to sell at private sale without public or other advertisement five hundred (500) shares of the preferred capital stock of the United States Metals Refining Co., of a par value of $100 per share, heretofore required to be conveyed, transferred, assigned, and delivered to the Alien Property Custodian as the property of the Nationalbank fur Deutschland (now Darmstadter und Nationalbank) of Berlin, Germany, at $115 per share, a total of $57,500. My reasons for the foregoing determination and order are: 1. That the said shares of stock are held by the Alien Property Custodian subject to the provisions of the law known as the "Settlement of the War Claims Act of 1928," which provides for the return under claim of 80 per cent of German property and the temporary withholding by the Government of an amount equal to 20 per cent thereof. 2. That the parties who are entitled to claim 80 per cent in this case have requested the Alien Property Custodian to sell the stock to the American Metal Co., Ltd., New York City, which company now owns about 90 per cent of the total issue. Liquid funds will thereby be substituted for the stock in the account. 3. That the price offered appears to represent a fair price and, in view of all the attendant circumstances, it is considered that advertisement and public sale are not necessary. HERBERT HOOVER The White House, January 22, 1930.
Executive Order 5263—Authorizing the Alien Property Custodian to Sell at Private Sale Certain Shares of Stock of the United States Metals Refining Co.
Executive Brief • At a Glance
I hereby, in the public interest, make the following determination, order, rule, and regulation: The Alien Property Custodian is hereby authorized to sell at private sale without public or other advertisement five hundred (500) shares of the preferred capital stock of the United States Metals Refining Co., of a par value of $100 per share, heretofore required to be conveyed, transferred, assigned, and delivered to the Alien Property Custodian as the property of the Nationalbank fur Deutschland (now Darmstadter und Nationalbank) of Berlin, Germany, at $115 per share, a total of $57,500.
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Herbert Hoover on January 22, 1930, this order concerns Authorizing the Alien Property Custodian to Sell at Private Sale Certain Shares of Stock of the United States Metals Refining Co. I hereby, in the public interest, make the following determination, order, rule, and regulation: The Alien Property Custodian is hereby authorized to sell at private sale without public or other advertisement five hundred (500) shares of the preferred capital stock of the United States Metals Refining Co., of a par value of $100 per share, heretofore required to be conveyed, transferred, assigned, and delivered to…
Key Directives & Operative Actions
I hereby, in the public interest, make the following determination, order, rule, and regulation: The Alien Property Custodian is hereby authorized to sell at private sale without public or other advertisement five hundred (500) shares of the preferred capital stock of the United States Metals Refining Co., of a par value of $100 per share, heretofore required to be conveyed, transferred, assigned, and delivered to the Alien Property Custodian as the property of the Nationalbank fur Deutschland (now Darmstadter und Nationalbank) of Berlin, Germany, at $115 per share, a total of $57,500.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
Policy Areas & Topics
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"The direction of war implies the direction of the common strength; and the power of directing and employing the common strength must be under the direction of the single hand of the Executive." — Federalist No. 74 (1788)
Hamilton would forcefully champion executive discretion here. For foreign entanglements, commerce defense, and national security, deliberative assemblies are too slow and faction-ridden. A unified, energetic Executive exercising swift command is precisely what the Philadelphia Convention intended for national preservation.
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 5263 (Jan. 22, 1930), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-5263-authorizing-the-alien-property-custodian-sell-private-sale-certain.