Pursuant to the provisions of section 9 of an act of Congress approved August 29, 1916, entitled "An act to declare the purpose of the people of the United States as to the future political status of the people of the Philippine Islands, and to provide a more autonomous government for those islands" (39 Stat. 547; U.S.C., title 48, sec. 1222), the following described parcels of land, being a part of the military reservation of Augur Barracks set aside for military purposes by Executive order of November 10, 1904 (G.O. No. 177, War Department, November 21, 1904), as enlarged by Executive order dated May 17, 1905 (G.O. No. 76, War Department, 1905), and Executive Order No. 1703, dated February 14, 1913, and being no longer required for the purpose for which reserved, are hereby placed under the control of the government of the Philippine Islands to be administered for the benefit of the inhabitants thereof, to wit: Lot 1 — Beginning at a point on inner face of southwest wall of pier, 102.23 m. northwest of intersection of inner face of southwest wall of pier with stone sentry box at entrance to pier; thence N. 45º 32' W., 15.54 m.; thence S. 44° 28' W., 24.17 m.; thence S. 45º 32' E., 15.54 m.; thence N. 44° 28' E., 24.17 m. to point of beginning, containing an area of 375.6 sq. m. This lot is lot "H" referred to in Executive order of May 17, 1905. Lot 2 — Beginning at a point called 1, which is located S. 68° 47' E., 509.52 m. from B.L.L.M. No. 2 which is monument No. 2 of Jolo Cadastre, Cadastral Survey Bureau of Lands No. 99 of Augur Barracks, Jolo, P.I.; thence S. 73° 08' E., 30.34 m. to point 2; thence S. 25º 28' W., 23.55 m. to point 3; thence N. 74° 38' W., 27.61 m. to point 4; thence N. 18° 52' E., 24.03 m. to point of beginning, containing an area of 685 sq. m. or .1692 acres. This lot coincides with lot "I" of Plan II-6480, approved June 25, 1912. Lot 3 — Beginning at a point called 1, which is located N. 25° 48' E., 165.36 m. from B.L.L.M. No. 2, which is monument No. 2 of Jolo Cadastre, Cadastral Survey Bureau of Lands No. 99 of Augur Barracks, Jolo, P.I.; thence S. 14° 49' W., 10.76 m. to point 2; thence S. 43° 44' E., 13.73 m. to point 3; thence S. 46° 13' W., 15.35 m. to point 4; thence N. 40° 57' I., 13.74 m. to point 5; thence S. 46° 17' W., 27.01 m. to point 6; thence S. 43° 0G' E., 13.63 m. to point 7; thence S. 41° 22' W., 84.16 m. to point 8; thence S. 46° 40' W., 17.28 m. to point 9; thence N. 42° 47' W., 19.89 m. to point 10; thence S. 46° 22' W., 23.68 m. to point 11; thence S. 46° 53' E., 30.89 m. to point 12; thence S. 46° 11' W., 63.38 m. to point 13; thence S. 24° 49' E., 5.15 m. to point 14; thence S. 47° 19' W., 19.15 m. to point 15; thence S. 43° 39' E., 5.69 m. to point 16; thence S. 85° 07' E., 8.22 m. to point 17; thence N. 41° 12' E., 114.62 m. to point 18; thence N. 42° 19' E., 126.20 m. to point 19; thence N. 5° 58' E., 15.60 m. to point 20; thence N. 42° 22' W., 24.81 m. to point of beginning, containing an area of 4,950 sq. m. or 1.2231 acres. This lot coincides with lot No. 2 of Plan II-6480, approved June 25, 1912. Points 14, 15, and 16 coincide with points 7, 8, and 9 respectively of lot 4. Lot 4 — Beginning at a point called 1, which is located N. 44° 06' W., 36.69 m. from monument No. 23, Jolo townsite; thence S. 44° 08' E., 22.85 m. to point 2; thence S. 44° 02' E., 13.84 m. to point 3; thence N. 47° 25' E., 26.26 m. to point 4; thence S. 42° 38' E., 43.95 m. to point 5; thence S. 47° 10' W., 26.49 m. to point 6; thence S. 42° 41' E., 44.32 m. to point 7; thence S. 47° 19' W., 19.15 m. to point 8; thence S. 43° 39' E., 5.69 m. to point 9; thence S. 42° 45' E., 71.93 m. to point 10; thence S. 47° 15' W., 97.95 m. to point 11; thence N. 42° 37' W., 184.79 m. to point 12; thence N. 34º 06' E., 79.39 m. to point 13; thence N. 47° 31' E., 38.77 m. to point of beginning, containing an area of 22,673 sq. m. or 5.6024 acres. This lot coincides with lot No. 3 of Plan II-6480, approved June 25, 1912. Points 7, 8, and 9 coincide with points 14, 15, and 16 respectively of lot 3. Lot 5 — Beginning at a point called 1, which is located N. 47° 33' E., 180.68 m. from B.L.L.M. No. 2, which is monument No. 2 of Jolo Cadastre, Cadastral Survey Bureau of Lands No. 99 of Augur Barracks, Jolo, P.I.; thence S. 43° 50' E., 20.61 m. to point 2; thence S. 47º 04' W., 27.78 m. to point 3; thence S. 54° 17' E., 2.67 m. to point 4; thence S. 37° 53' W., 26.19 m. to point 5; thence N. 44° 20' W., 60.96 m. to point 6; thence N. 43° 04' E., 46.00 m. to point 7; thence S. 55° 46' E., 37.68 m. to point of beginning, containing an area of 2,973 sq. m. or .7346 acres. coincides with lot No. 4 of Plan II-6480, approved June 25, 1912. Lot 6 — Beginning at a point called 1, which is located N. 33° 54' W., 202.10 m. from B.L.L.M. No. 2, which is monument No. 2 of Jolo Cadastre, Cadastral Survey to point 2; thence N. 38° 00' E., 32.31 m. to point 3; thence N. 11° 42' E., 16.60 m. to point 4; thence N. 43° 06' W., 235.99 m. to point 5; thence S. 46° 54' W., 75.00 m. to point 6; thence S. 44° 31' E., 268.90 m. to point of beginning, containing an area of 18,013 sq. m. or 4.451 acres. This lot coincides with lot No. 5 of Plan II-6480, approved June 25, 1912. Lot 7 — Beginning at a point called 1, which is located S. 63° 56' E., 2,338.42 m. from B.L.L.M. No. 2, which is monument No. 2 of Jolo Cadastre, Cadastral Survey Bureau of Lands No. 99 of Augur Barraclis, Jolo, P.I.; thence N. 59° 40' W., 543.86 m., more or less, to point 2; thence N. 53° 50' E., 664.00 m., more or less, to point 3; thence S. 40° 24' E., 793.18 m., more or less, to point 4; thence S. 41° 08' W., 360.19 m. to point 5; thence N. 58° 15' W., 406.19 m. to point of beginning, containing an area of 551,733.44 sq. m., more or less, or 136.333 acres, more or less. This lot is a portion of lot 1, Plan II-6480, approved June 25, 1912, and points 4, 5, and 1 coincide with corners 12, 11, and 10, respectively, of lot 1 of same approved plan. HERBERT HOOVER The White House, November 18, 1930.
Executive Order 5493 ⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
Executive Order 5493—Restoring to the Government of the Philippine Islands a Part of the Military Reservation of Augur Barracks
Executive Brief • At a Glance
⏱️ 6 min read (1,236 words) •
● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate
The following described parcels of land, being a part of the military reservation of Augur Barracks set aside for military purposes by Executive order of November 10, 1904 (G.O. No. 177, War Department, November 21, 1904), as enlarged by Executive order dated May 17, 1905 (G.O. No. 76, War Department, 1905), and Executive Order No. 1703, dated February 14, 1913, and being no longer required for the purpose for which reserved, are hereby placed under the control of the government of the Philippine Islands to be administered for the benefit of the inhabitants thereof, to wit: Lot 1 — Beginning at a point on inner face of southwest wall of pier, 102.23 m. northwest of intersection of inner face of southwest wall of pier with stone sentry box…
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight
Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Armed Forces & Military Establishments Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Herbert Hoover on November 18, 1930, this order concerns Restoring to the Government of the Philippine Islands a Part of the Military Reservation of Augur Barracks. The following described parcels of land, being a part of the military reservation of Augur Barracks set aside for military purposes by Executive order of November 10, 1904 (G.O. No. 177, War Department, November 21, 1904), as enlarged by Executive order dated May 17, 1905 (G.O. No. 76, War Department, 1905), and Executive Order No. 1703, dated February 14, 1913, and being no longer required for the purpose for…
Constitutional Assessment: Scrutinized through Article II, Section 2, this action exercises the President's constitutional role as Commander in Chief. Early Framers recognized broad executive discretion in commanding military forces during conflict, provided it remains bounded by congressional declarations and respects civilian domestic courts.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
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The following described parcels of land, being a part of the military reservation of Augur Barracks set aside for military purposes by Executive order of November 10, 1904 (G.O. No. 177, War Department, November 21, 1904), as enlarged by Executive order dated May 17, 1905 (G.O. No. 76, War Department, 1905), and Executive Order No. 1703, dated February 14, 1913, and being no longer required for the purpose for which reserved, are hereby placed under the control of the government of the Philippine Islands to be administered for the benefit of the inhabitants thereof, to wit: Lot 1 — Beginning at a point on inner face of southwest wall of pier, 102.23 m. northwest of intersection of inner face of southwest wall of pier with stone sentry box…
▪
This lot coincides with lot "I" of Plan II-6480, approved June 25, 1912.
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This lot coincides with lot No. 2 of Plan II-6480, approved June 25, 1912.
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This lot coincides with lot No. 3 of Plan II-6480, approved June 25, 1912.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
🏛️ Armed Forces & Military Establishments
🏛️ Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants
Policy Areas & Topics
🏛️
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight)
§
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
JM
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Madisonian Stance: Vigilant / Cautionary
AH
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"The direction of war implies the direction of the common strength; and the power of directing and employing the common strength must be under the direction of the single hand of the Executive." — Federalist No. 74 (1788)
Hamilton would forcefully champion executive discretion here. For foreign entanglements, commerce defense, and national security, deliberative assemblies are too slow and faction-ridden. A unified, energetic Executive exercising swift command is precisely what the Philadelphia Convention intended for national preservation.
Hamiltonian Stance: Strong Prerogative Support
GM
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
📐
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
⚖️ Discretionary Twilight Zone
30 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8
Low Friction
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Operates within delegated statutory execution without modifying legislative appropriations or taxing powers.
Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3
Low Friction
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment
Moderate Friction
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments
Low Friction
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers
Moderate Friction
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
Benchmark: Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
⚖️
Audit Synthesis
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
1,236
6,064 characters
Estimated Read Time
6 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
2.3
Grade 2
Text size:
Related Executive Orders
Other executive actions signed by Herbert Hoover around this period.
EO 5494 Nov 18, 1930
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 5494—Revocation of Withdrawal of Public Lands Pending Resurvey
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
Executive Order No. 4726, dated September 27, 1927, which withdrew, among other lands, the public lands in secs. 6, 8, and 18, T. 29 N., R. 38 E., and all of T: 30 N., R. 38 E., Willamette meridian, Washington, be, and the same is hereby, revoked as to the above-mentioned lands.
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EO 5492 Nov 18, 1930
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 5492—Public Water Restoration No. 66
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
Colorado So much of the order of withdrawal dated April 8, 1919, creating Public Water Reserve No. 62, as affects the land hereinafter listed is hereby revoked, and all such land not otherwise reserved or withdrawn is hereby restored to the public domain and shall become…
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EO 5491 Nov 18, 1930
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 5491—Use of Eligible Registers Established Primarily for the Executive Civil Service of the United States for Filling Vacancies in the Municipal Service of the District of Columbia
📜 10th Amend: Intergovernmental Federalism Cooperation
The Commissioners of the District of Columbia and the United States Civil Service Commission have agreed that it would be in the interests of good administration to make appointments to positions under the Government of the District of Columbia after tests of qualifications.
Herbert Hoover Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 5490 Nov 15, 1930
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 5490—Power-Site Restoration No. 453
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
Montana So much of the orders of November 3, 1909, creating Temporary Power-Site Withdrawal No. 47, and July 2, 1910, creating Power-Site Reserve No. 47, as affects the lands hereinafter described, is hereby revoked: MONTANA MERIDIAN T. 13 S., R. 3 W., sec. 27, SE. ¼ SW. ¼, S.…
Herbert Hoover High School • 1m
EO 5489 Nov 15, 1930
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 5489—Public Water Reserve No. 134
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
The land hereinafter listed be, and the same is hereby, withdrawn from settlement, location, sale, or entry, and reserved for public use in accordance with the provisions of section 10 of the act of December 29, 1916 (39 Stat. 865): SAN BERNARDINO MERIDIAN T. 4 N., R. 2 W.…
Herbert Hoover High School • 1m
EO 5488 Nov 15, 1930
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 5488—Revocation of Withdrawal of Public Land Pending Resurvey
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
Executive Order No. 3866, dated June 14, 1923, withdrawing among other lands the public lands in T. 38 N., Rs. 4 and 5 E., New Mexico principal meridian, Colorado, pending a resurvey, be, and the same is hereby, revoked as to said townships.
Herbert Hoover College Level • 1m
📜
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 5493 (Nov. 18, 1930), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-5493-restoring-the-government-the-philippine-islands-part-the-military.
