★
Executive Orders Historical Archive
Cite
Executive Order 5778 ⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight Constitutional Neutral (+0.02) 📜 5th Amend: Regulatory Execution with Due Process

Executive Order 5778—Stipulations for the Payment of Prevailing Rate of Wages in Public Building Contracts

•
Tuesday, January 19, 1932
•
2 min read (497 words)

Executive Brief • At a Glance

⏱️ 2 min read (497 words) • ● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate

In all contracts within the terms of said act there shall be added to the stipulation required by said act the following stipulations: It is expressly understood and agreed that the aforesaid wages shall be paid unconditionally in full not less often than once a week and in lawful money of the United States, to the full amount accrued to each individual at time of payment and without subsequent deduction or rebate on any account.

⚖️ Constitutional Footing
⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight
Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
📜 5th Amend: Regulatory Execution with Due Process
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants Private Citizens & Property Owners

Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis

Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.

Signed by President Herbert Hoover on January 19, 1932, this order concerns Stipulations for the Payment of Prevailing Rate of Wages in Public Building Contracts. In all contracts within the terms of said act there shall be added to the stipulation required by said act the following stipulations: It is expressly understood and agreed that the aforesaid wages shall be paid unconditionally in full not less often than once a week and in lawful money of the United States, to the full amount accrued to each individual at time of payment and without subsequent deduction or rebate…

Constitutional Assessment: Evaluated against the Fifth Amendment, this action touches upon property or economic rights. An early statesman would insist upon strict adherence to due process of law and the constitutional guarantee that private holdings shall not be encumbered or taken for public purposes without just compensation and lawful process.

Key Directives & Operative Actions

▪

In all contracts within the terms of said act there shall be added to the stipulation required by said act the following stipulations: It is expressly understood and agreed that the aforesaid wages shall be paid unconditionally in full not less often than once a week and in lawful money of the United States, to the full amount accrued to each individual at time of payment and without subsequent deduction or rebate on any account.

▪

It is understood and agreed that the payrolls of the contractor and all subcontractors and agreements made by the contractor or subcontractor or any other party relating to the employment of laborers or mechanics, or the performance of the work of laborers and mechanics on said building, and to the wages or compensation to be paid therefor, are to be open to inspection by the contracting officer at such times as the latter may elect, provided that such inspection shall not interfere with the proper and orderly prosecution of the work, and that a clearly legible statement of the rates payable as aforesaid under this contract shall be posted by the contractor in a prominent and easily accessible place at the site of the work so that such…

▪

It is further expressly understood and agreed that if it should be found by the contracting officer that any laborer or mechanic employed by the contractor or any Subcontractor on the public work covered by this contract has been or is being paid a rate of wages less than the prevailing rate of wages, as aforesaid, the Government may, by written notice to the contractor, terminate his right to proceed with the work, or such part of the work as to which there has been a failure to pay said prevailing wages.

▪

In such event, it is understood and agreed that the Government may take over the work and prosecute the same to completion by contract or otherwise, and that the contractor and his sureties shall be liable to the Government for any excess cost occasioned the Government thereby.

Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted

🏛️ Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants 🏛️ Private Citizens & Property Owners

Policy Areas & Topics

🏛️

The Framers' Constitutional Council

1787 Prism

Evaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.

⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight)
§

"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."

— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
JM

James Madison

Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy

"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)

Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.

Madisonian Stance: Vigilant / Cautionary
AH

Alexander Hamilton

The Energetic Executive & Unified Command

"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)

Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.

Hamiltonian Stance: Defends Vigor & Dispatch
GM

George Mason

Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment

"The purse and the sword ought never to be in the same hands... nor the liberties of the citizen placed at the pleasure of a single magistrate." — Virginia Ratifying Convention (1788)

George Mason and the Anti-Federalists would sound a fierce warning. They feared that Article II would inevitably evolve into an elective monarchy. When an executive order impacts private rights, property, or civil liberties without individualized judicial process, Mason would see their darkest predictions verified.

Anti-Federalist Stance: High Bill of Rights Scrutiny
📐

Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions

An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.

⚖️ Discretionary Twilight Zone
34 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8

Legislative Encroachment & Purse

Low Friction

Operates within delegated statutory execution without modifying legislative appropriations or taxing powers.

Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3

Executive Scope & Faithfulness

Low Friction

Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.

Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment

Federalism & State Sovereignty

Moderate Friction

Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.

Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments

Due Process & Individual Rights

Moderate Friction

Applies regulatory or compliance standards to private contractors or commercial entities.

Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers

Youngstown Jacksonian Tier

Moderate Friction

The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.

Benchmark: Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
⚖️ Audit Synthesis

This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.

Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
497
2,888 characters
Estimated Read Time
2 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
27.5
Post-Graduate Legal
Language Tone Score
+0.02
Constitutional Neutral
How is this scored?
Text size:

Official Archival Text

View Source Document

In order to effect the purposes of the act entitled "AN ACT Relating to the rate of wages for laborers and mechanics employed on public buildings of the United States and the District of Columbia by contractors and subcontractors, and for other purposes" approved March 3, 1931 (46 Stat. 1494), it is hereby ordered that in all contracts within the terms of said act there shall be added to the stipulation required by said act the following stipulations: It is expressly understood and agreed that the aforesaid wages shall be paid unconditionally in full not less often than once a week and in lawful money of the United States, to the full amount accrued to each individual at time of payment and without subsequent deduction or rebate on any account. It is expressly understood and agreed that for the purpose of said act every person, while performing work of a laborer or mechanic on the public work covered by this contract, is to be regarded as employed as a laborer or mechanic by the contractor or subcontractor, regardless of any contractual relationship alleged to exist between the contractor or subcontractor and such laborer or mechanic. It is understood and agreed that the payrolls of the contractor and all subcontractors and agreements made by the contractor or subcontractor or any other party relating to the employment of laborers or mechanics, or the performance of the work of laborers and mechanics on said building, and to the wages or compensation to be paid therefor, are to be open to inspection by the contracting officer at such times as the latter may elect, provided that such inspection shall not interfere with the proper and orderly prosecution of the work, and that a clearly legible statement of the rates payable as aforesaid under this contract shall be posted by the contractor in a prominent and easily accessible place at the site of the work so that such statement may be seen at any time by persons engaged on the work. It is further expressly understood and agreed that if it should be found by the contracting officer that any laborer or mechanic employed by the contractor or any Subcontractor on the public work covered by this contract has been or is being paid a rate of wages less than the prevailing rate of wages, as aforesaid, the Government may, by written notice to the contractor, terminate his right to proceed with the work, or such part of the work as to which there has been a failure to pay said prevailing wages. In such event, it is understood and agreed that the Government may take over the work and prosecute the same to completion by contract or otherwise, and that the contractor and his sureties shall be liable to the Government for any excess cost occasioned the Government thereby. This order shall apply to all such contracts for which bids are hereafter invited. HERBERT HOOVER The White House, January 19, 1932.

📜

Scholarly & Legal Citations

Exec. Order No. 5778 (Jan. 19, 1932), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-5778-stipulations-for-the-payment-prevailing-rate-wages-public-building.