Whereas the citizens of the eastern States employed or to be employed under the provisions of the act of Congress approved March 31, 1933 (Public, No. 5, 73d Cong.), largely are to be engaged in constructive and productive activities upon lands owned by the United States for national-forest purposes, and situated within a series of 42 national-forest purchase units in 20 of the States east of the Great Plains, said units having been established and designated by the Secretary of Agriculture under authority of the act of Congress approved March 1, 1911 (36 Stat. 961-963; U.S.C., title 16, secs. 513-521), with the concurrence and approval of the National Forest Reservation Commission created by said act; and Whereas more than one half of the lands suitable for forest purposes within said 42 units are privately owned and widely interspersed among the lands in Federal ownership, greatly complicating the effective use of the services of the men employed for emergency conservation work under authority of the act of March 31, 1933, and markedly limiting the numbers of men for whom employment can be provided within said 42 areas; and Whereas it is the opinion of the members of the National Forest Reservation Commission that the prompt acquisition within said areas of the lands chiefly valuable for forest purposes not hitherto acquired by the United States would greatly enhance the effectiveness of and enlarge the opportunity for the employment of men under the provisions of the act of March 31, 1933, and would in addition contribute in a large and desirable way toward the fruition of the public objectives and program expressed and established by the act approved March 1, 1911, as amended; Therefore , by virtue of the authority vested in me by the act of Congress entitled "AN ACT For the relief of unemployment through the performance of useful public work, and for other purposes" (Public, No. 5, 73d Cong.), it is hereby ordered that $20,000,000 of the moneys made available for expenditure by said act shall be and hereby are allotted for expenditure by the Secretary of Agriculture for the purchase of forest lands within the 42 existing national-forest purchase areas, under the provisions of the act of March 1, 1911, as amended, and in conformity with the procedure hitherto established to govern the conduct of such purchases of land; and so much of the sum allotted as may be necessary may be used as the Secretary of Agriculture may provide to cover the costs incident to the purchase of said lands. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT The White House, May 20, 1933.
Executive Order 6135—Purchase of National-Forest Lands
Executive Brief • At a Glance
That $20,000,000 of the moneys made available for expenditure by said act shall be and hereby are allotted for expenditure by the Secretary of Agriculture for the purchase of forest lands within the 42 existing national-forest purchase areas, under the provisions of the act of March 1, 1911, as amended, and in conformity with the procedure hitherto established to govern the conduct of such purchases of land; and so much of the sum allotted as may be necessary may be used as the Secretary of Agriculture may provide to cover the costs incident to the purchase of said lands.
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on May 20, 1933, this order concerns Purchase of National-Forest Lands. Whereas the citizens of the eastern States employed or to be employed under the provisions of the act of Congress approved March 31, 1933 (Public, No. 5, 73d Cong.), largely are to be engaged in constructive and productive activities upon lands owned by the United States for national-forest purposes, and situated within a series of 42 national-forest purchase units in 20 of the States east of the Great Plains, said…
Key Directives & Operative Actions
That $20,000,000 of the moneys made available for expenditure by said act shall be and hereby are allotted for expenditure by the Secretary of Agriculture for the purchase of forest lands within the 42 existing national-forest purchase areas, under the provisions of the act of March 1, 1911, as amended, and in conformity with the procedure hitherto established to govern the conduct of such purchases of land; and so much of the sum allotted as may be necessary may be used as the Secretary of Agriculture may provide to cover the costs incident to the purchase of said lands.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
Policy Areas & Topics
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Operates within delegated statutory execution without modifying legislative appropriations or taxing powers.
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Due Process & Individual Rights
Applies regulatory or compliance standards to private contractors or commercial entities.
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 6135 (May 20, 1933), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-6135-purchase-national-forest-lands.