Whereas the area east of the Mississippi River authorized by the Act of Congress of May 22, 1926 (44 Stat. 616) to be established as the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and yet to be completed, affords excellent opportunities for the employment of citizens of the eastern States under the provisions of the Act of Congress approved March 31, 1933 (Public No. 5, 73rd Congress), upon constructive and productive activities; and Whereas pursuant to the park enabling act the States of North Carolina and Tennessee have acquired and/or are prepared to acquire, for tender to the United States more than two-thirds of the acreage necessary for the completion of said park; and Whereas due to present economic conditions these States will not be able to acquire for tender to the United States the balance of the acreage required for some time to come; and Whereas it appears that the prompt acquisition of the alienated lands for the completion of this park would greatly enhance the effectiveness of and enlarge the opportunity for employment of men under the provisions of the said Act of March 31, 1933, and would in addition contribute in a large and desirable way toward the fruition of the public objectives and program for the establishment of said park; Therefore , by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Act of Congress entitled "An Act For the relief of unemployment through the performance of useful public work, and for other purposes" (Public No. 5—73rd Congress), the sum of $1,550,000 is hereby allocated from the appropriation for "National Industrial Recovery" contained in the Fourth Deficiency Act, Fiscal Year 1933, approved June 16, 1933, and shall be transferred by the Treasury Department to the credit of the War Department for the purchase of lands necessary for the completion of said Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The funds herein authorized will, upon request by the Chief of Finance under the direction of Robert Fechner, Director of Emergency Conservation Work, be transferred by the Treasury to the credit of the Department of the Interior; and the funds so transferred shall be withdrawn on requisition by the Secretary of the Interior, for the purchase of such lands within the authorized area of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park as may be approved by the said Secretary and may be expended either directly by the Secretary of the Interior or through the authorized State Commissions in conformity with the procedure hitherto established to govern the conduct of purchases of land for said park; and so much of the sum herein authorized as may be necessary may be used to cover the costs incident to the purchase of said lands. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT The White House, July 28, 1933.
Executive Order 6237—Purchase of National Park Lands
Executive Brief • At a Glance
Whereas the area east of the Mississippi River authorized by the Act of Congress of May 22, 1926 (44 Stat. 616) to be established as the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and yet to be completed, affords excellent opportunities for the employment of citizens of the eastern States under the provisions of the Act of Congress approved March 31, 1933 (Public No. 5, 73rd Congress), upon constructive and productive activities; and Whereas pursuant to the park enabling act the States of North Carolina and Tennessee have acquired and/or are prepared to acquire, for tender to the United States more than two-thirds of the acreage necessary for the completion of said park; and Whereas due to present economic conditions these States will not be…
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on July 28, 1933, this order concerns Purchase of National Park Lands. Whereas the area east of the Mississippi River authorized by the Act of Congress of May 22, 1926 (44 Stat. 616) to be established as the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and yet to be completed, affords excellent opportunities for the employment of citizens of the eastern States under the provisions of the Act of Congress approved March 31, 1933 (Public No. 5, 73rd Congress), upon constructive and productive…
Key Directives & Operative Actions
Whereas the area east of the Mississippi River authorized by the Act of Congress of May 22, 1926 (44 Stat. 616) to be established as the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and yet to be completed, affords excellent opportunities for the employment of citizens of the eastern States under the provisions of the Act of Congress approved March 31, 1933 (Public No. 5, 73rd Congress), upon constructive and productive activities; and Whereas pursuant to the park enabling act the States of North Carolina and Tennessee have acquired and/or are prepared to acquire, for tender to the United States more than two-thirds of the acreage necessary for the completion of said park; and Whereas due to present economic conditions these States will not be…
The funds herein authorized will, upon request by the Chief of Finance under the direction of Robert Fechner, Director of Emergency Conservation Work, be transferred by the Treasury to the credit of the Department of the Interior; and the funds so transferred shall be withdrawn on requisition by the Secretary of the Interior, for the purchase of such lands within the authorized area of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park as may be approved by the said Secretary and may be expended either directly by the Secretary of the Interior or through the authorized State Commissions in conformity with the procedure hitherto established to govern the conduct of purchases of land for said park; and so much of the sum herein authorized as may be…
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
Policy Areas & Topics
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"The direction of war implies the direction of the common strength; and the power of directing and employing the common strength must be under the direction of the single hand of the Executive." — Federalist No. 74 (1788)
Hamilton would forcefully champion executive discretion here. For foreign entanglements, commerce defense, and national security, deliberative assemblies are too slow and faction-ridden. A unified, energetic Executive exercising swift command is precisely what the Philadelphia Convention intended for national preservation.
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Creates friction with the Tenth Amendment by conditioning state grants, mandating local compliance, or preempting state police powers.
Due Process & Individual Rights
Applies regulatory or compliance standards to private contractors or commercial entities.
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Referenced By Later Executive Orders (1)
Subsequent presidents who cited, amended, continued, or revoked this directive in later orders.
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 6237 (July 28, 1933), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-6237-purchase-national-park-lands.