NEW MEXICO By virtue of the authority vested in me by the act of June 25, 1910 (ch. 421, 36 Stat. 847-848), as amended by the act of August 24, 1912 (ch. 369, 37 Stat. 497), so much of Executive orders of July 9, 1910, April 22, 1911, and May 18, 1911, creating coal-land withdrawals, New Mexico No. 1, New Mexico No. 5, and New Mexico No. 6, respectively, as affects the lands hereinafter described, is hereby revoked: NEW MEXICO MERIDIAN T. 11 N., R. 1 E., all outside town of Alameda grant and town of Atrisco grant. T. 12 N., R. 1 E., all outside town of Alameda grant. T. 13 N., R. 1 E., all. T. 14 N., R. 1 E., secs. 1 to 4, inclusive; sec. 5, S½; sec. 7, lots 3 and 4, E½, and E½SW¼; secs. 8 to 36, inclusive. T. 9 N., R. 1 W., all outside town of Atrisco grant, Antonio Sedillo grant, and Pajarito grant. T. 10 N., R. 1 W., all outside town of Atrisco grant. T. 11 N., R. 1 W., all outside Bernabe M. Montano grant and town of Atrisco grant. T. 12 N., R. 1 W., secs. 1 and 2; secs. 11 to 14, inclusive; sec. 15, E½; secs. 22 to 27, inclusive; sec. 28, lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8; sec. 33, lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8; secs. 34 to 36, inclusive. T. 13 N., R. 1 W., secs. 1, 12, and 13; sec. 14, E½; secs. 23 to 26, inclusive; secs. 35 and 36. T. 14 N., R. 1 W., sec. 13, E½; secs. 24, 35, and 36. T. 9 N., R. 2 W., secs. 1 to 5, inclusive. T. 10 N., R. 2 W., secs. 1 to 3, inclusive; secs. 10 to 16, inclusive; secs. 21 to 28, inclusive; secs. 33 to 36, inclusive. T. 11 N., R. 2 W., sec. 25, lots 1, 2, 3, and 4, and S½; sec. 26, lots 1, 2, 3, and 4, and S½; secs. 34 to 36, inclusive. T. 17 N., R. 2 W., sec. 1, lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; sec. 2, lot 5; secs. 3 to 10, inclusive; sec. 11, lots 1, 2, 3, and 4, and W½W½; sec. 12, lot 1; sec. 14, lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, N½NW¼, and SW¼NW¼; secs. 15 to 18, inclusive; sec. 19, lots 1, 2, 3, and 4, N½, and N½S½; sec. 20, lots 1, 2, 3, and 4, N½, and N½S½; sec. 21, lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,and 7, N½NW¼, SW¼NW¼, and NW¼SW¼; sec. 22, lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, NW¼NE¼, and NE¼NW¼; sec. 23, lot 1; sec. 30, lots 1 and 2; sec. 31, lots 1 and 2. T. 16 N., R. 3 W., sec. 5, lot 1, S½NE¼, and SE¼; sec. 7, lots 3 and 4, and SE¼; sec. 8, NE¼, NE¼NW¼, S½NW¼, and SW¼. T. 14 N., R. 4 W., sec. 9, lot 3; sec. 10, lots 5, 8, 7, and 8; sec. 11, lots 5, 6, 7, and 8; sec. 12, lots 5, 6, 7, and 8; secs. 13 to 15, inclusive; sec. 16, lots 5, 6, 7, and 8; sec. 19, lots 5, 6, 7, and 8; sec. 20, lots 5, 8, 7, and 8; sec. 21, lots 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11; secs. 22 to 24, inclusive; sec. 25, lots 1, 2, and 3, and N½; sec. 26, lots 1, 2, 3, and 4, and N½N½; sec. 27, lots 1, 2, and 3, and N½N½; sec. 28, lots 1, 2, 3, and 4, and NW¼NE¼; sec. 29, lots 1, 2, 3, and 4; sec. 30, lot 1. T. 17 N., R. 5 W., all. T. 17 N., R. 6 W., all. T. 16 N., R. 7 W., secs. 1 to 23, inclusive; sec. 24, N½NE¼, SW¼NE¼, NW¼N½SW¼ and SW¼SW¼; sec. 26, lots 4 and 8, N½NE¼, SW¼NE¼, NW¼, and NW¼SW¼; secs. 27 to 34, inclusive; sec. 35, W½NW¼ and SW¼ T. 17 N., R. 7 W., all. T. 16 N., R. 8 W., secs. 1 to 31, inclusive; sec. 32, E½NE¼; secs. 33 to 36, inclusive. T. 17 N., R. 8 W., all. T. 18 N., R. 8 W., all. T. 15 N., R. 9 W., sec. 1, all; sec. 2, lots 1, 2, 3, and 4, S½NE¼, and SE¼; sec. 3, lots 1, 2, 3, and 4, S½N½, SW¼, and N½SE¼; sec. 4, all; sec. 5, lots 1 and 2, S½NE¼, SE¼NW¼, and S½; sec. 8, N½, SW¼, N½SE¼, and SW¼SE¼; sec. 9, N½NE¼ and NW¼; sec. 10, NE¼SW¼, S½SW¼, and SE¼; sec. 11, NE¼, NE¼NW¼, S½NW¼, and S½; secs. 12 to 15, inclusive. T. 16 N., R. & W., secs. 1 to 30, inclusive; sec. 31, S½NE¼, SE¼NW¼, NE¼SW¼, and N½SE¼; sec. 32, SW¼NW¼, and NW¼SW¼; secs. 33 to 36, inclusive. T. 17 N., R. 9 W., all. T. 18 N., R. 9 W., all. T. 19 N., R. 9 W., all. T. 20 N., R. 9 W., all, T. 16 N., R. 10 W., secs. 1 to 18, inclusive. T. 17 N., R. 10 W., all. T. 18 N., R. 10 W., all. T. 19 N., R. 10 W., secs. 1 to 3, inclusive; secs. 5, 7, and 9; sec. 10, SW¼NE¼, SE¼NW¼, NE¼SW¼, and NW¼SE¼; sec. 11, all; secs. 13 to 17, inclusive; sec. 19, all; secs. 21 to 25, inclusive; sec. 26, N½ and NE¼SE¼; sec. 27, all; sec. 28, SE¼SE¼; sec. 29, all; secs. 31 to 33, inclusive; secs. 35 and 36. T. 20 N., R. 10 W., all. T. 17 N., R. 11 W., secs. 1 to 28, inclusive; sec. 29, N½N½, SE¼NE¼, SW¼NW¼, and E½SE¼; sec. 30, lot 1, NE¼, E½NW¼, NE¼SW¼, and N½SE¼; sec. 32, E½NE¼ and NE¼SE¼; secs. 33 to 36, inclusive. T. 18 N., R. 11 W., secs. 1 to 3, inclusive; secs. 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13; secs. 15 to 19, inclusive; sec. 21, all; secs. 23 to 25, inclusive; secs. 27 and 29; secs. 31 to 33, inclusive; secs. 35 and 36. T. 19 N., R. 11 W. secs. 1 to 3, inclusive; secs. 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13; secs. 15 to 17, inclusive; secs. 19, 21, 23, and 25; sec. 26, SW¼NW¼; secs. 27 and 29; secs. 31 to 33, inclusive; secs. 35 and 36. T. 20 N., R. 11 W., all. T. 17 N., R. 12 W., secs. 1 to 18, inclusive. T. 18 N., R. 12 W., all. T. 19 N., R. 12 W., all. T. 20 N., R. 12 W., all. T. 21 N., R. 12 W., all. T. 17 N., R. 13 W., secs. 1 to 6, inclusive; sec. 7, lots 1, 2, 3, and 4, NE¼, E½W½, N½SE¼, and SW¼SE¼; sec. 8, N½NE¼ and NW¼; secs. 9 to 13, inclusive; sec. 14, N½, N½S½, and SE¼SE¼; sec. 15, N½NW¼ and SW¼NW¼; sec. 16, N½, SW¼, and NW¼SE¼; sec. 17, SW¼NW¼, NW¼SW¼, S½S½, and NE¼SE¼; sec. 18, S½NE¼, W½, and SE¼. T. 18 N., R. 13 W., all. T. 19 N., R. 13 W., all. T. 20 N., R. 13 W, all. T. 21 N., R. 13 W., all. T. 29 N., R. 14 W., all outside Navajo Indian Reservation. T. 9 N., R. 16 W., sec. 14, all; sec. 22, SW¼; sec. 26, NW¼. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT The White House, October 25, 1933.
Executive Order 6363 ⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
Executive Order 6363—Revocation of Withdrawal of Public Lands Pending Classification as to Coal
Executive Brief • At a Glance
⏱️ 6 min read (1,248 words) •
● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the act of June 25, 1910 (ch. 421, 36 Stat. 847-848), as amended by the act of August 24, 1912 (ch. 369, 37 Stat. 497), so much of Executive orders of July 9, 1910, April 22, 1911, and May 18, 1911, creating coal-land withdrawals, New Mexico No. 1, New Mexico No. 5, and New Mexico No. 6, respectively, as affects the lands hereinafter described, is…
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight
Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Executive Branch Departments General Body of the People
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on October 25, 1933, this order concerns Revocation of Withdrawal of Public Lands Pending Classification as to Coal. By virtue of the authority vested in me by the act of June 25, 1910 (ch. 421, 36 Stat. 847-848), as amended by the act of August 24, 1912 (ch. 369, 37 Stat. 497), so much of Executive orders of July 9, 1910, April 22, 1911, and May 18, 1911, creating coal-land withdrawals, New Mexico No. 1, New Mexico No. 5, and New Mexico No. 6, respectively, as affects the lands hereinafter described, is hereby revoked: NEW…
Constitutional Assessment: This action represents an orderly exercise of Article II administrative discretion, managing the internal machinery and personnel of the executive branch without abridging the ancient liberties of the people.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
▪
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the act of June 25, 1910 (ch. 421, 36 Stat. 847-848), as amended by the act of August 24, 1912 (ch. 369, 37 Stat. 497), so much of Executive orders of July 9, 1910, April 22, 1911, and May 18, 1911, creating coal-land withdrawals, New Mexico No. 1, New Mexico No. 5, and New Mexico No. 6, respectively, as affects the lands hereinafter described, is…
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
🏛️ Executive Branch Departments
🏛️ General Body of the People
Policy Areas & Topics
🏛️
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight)
§
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
JM
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Madisonian Stance: Vigilant / Cautionary
AH
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
Hamiltonian Stance: Defends Vigor & Dispatch
GM
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
📐
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
⚖️ Discretionary Twilight Zone
33 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8
Moderate Friction
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3
Low Friction
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment
Low Friction
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Confined strictly to internal federal jurisdiction, federal property, or direct military command.
Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments
Low Friction
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers
Moderate Friction
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
Benchmark: Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
⚖️
Audit Synthesis
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
1,248
5,504 characters
Estimated Read Time
6 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
2.1
Grade 2
Text size:
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I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States of America , do declare that a period of national emergency exists, and by virtue of said authority and of all other authority vested in me, do hereby issue the following Executive order: Section 1.
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📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 1 of the act of August 1, 1914 (ch. 223, 38 Stat. 609, 623; 19 U.S.C., sec. 2), Greenwich, Middletown, Norwalk, South Manchester, and Stamford, Connecticut, are hereby abolished as customs ports of entry in customs collection…
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📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
Mrs. Jean Springstead Whittemore may be appointed to the position of collector of customs for Puerto Rico without compliance with the requirements of the civil-service rules. This order is recommended by the Secretary of the Treasury.
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📜
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 6363 (Oct. 25, 1933), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-6363-revocation-withdrawal-public-lands-pending-classification-coal.
