By virtue of the authority vested in me under the provisions of title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933 (ch. 90, 48 Stat. 195), and in order to effectuate the purposes of said title and in extension of Executive Order No. 6515 of December 19, 1933, entitled "Extension of the President's Reemployment Agreement to April 30, 1934", I hereby offer to enter into the President's Reemployment Agreement with the head of every business establishment as to any part of his business not subject to an approved code of fair competition, for a further period beginning May 1, 1934, and ending when that part of his business becomes subject to an approved code of fair competition. Employers who shall have signed the President's Reemployment Agreement before May 1, 1934, may accept this oiler of extension by display of the Blue Eagle on or after May 1, 1934, and such display by them shall be deemed an acceptance of this offer. Employers who shall not have signed the President's Reemployment Agreement before May 1, 1934, may accept this offer of extension by signing the President's Reemployment Agreement. All substitutions and exemptions approved, and all exceptions granted to particular employers, before May 1, 1934, will apply to the President's Reemployment Agreement as so extended. I hereby authorize the Administrator for Industrial Recovery to make such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary to supplement, amplify, or carry out the purposes and intent of this Executive order. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT Approval recommended: Hugh S. Johnson, Administrator. By G. A. Lynch, Administrative Officer. The White House, April 14, 1934.
Executive Order 6678 ⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
Executive Order 6678-A—Extension of the President's Reemployment Agreement
Executive Brief • At a Glance
⏱️ 1 min read (270 words) •
● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate
I hereby offer to enter into the President's Reemployment Agreement with the head of every business establishment as to any part of his business not subject to an approved code of fair competition, for a further period beginning May 1, 1934, and ending when that part of his business becomes subject to an approved code of fair competition.
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight
Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Executive Branch Departments General Body of the People
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 14, 1934, this order concerns Extension of the President's Reemployment Agreement. I hereby offer to enter into the President's Reemployment Agreement with the head of every business establishment as to any part of his business not subject to an approved code of fair competition, for a further period beginning May 1, 1934, and ending when that part of his business becomes subject to an approved code of fair competition.
Constitutional Assessment: This action represents an orderly exercise of Article II administrative discretion, managing the internal machinery and personnel of the executive branch without abridging the ancient liberties of the people.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
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I hereby offer to enter into the President's Reemployment Agreement with the head of every business establishment as to any part of his business not subject to an approved code of fair competition, for a further period beginning May 1, 1934, and ending when that part of his business becomes subject to an approved code of fair competition.
▪
Employers who shall have signed the President's Reemployment Agreement before May 1, 1934, may accept this oiler of extension by display of the Blue Eagle on or after May 1, 1934, and such display by them shall be deemed an acceptance of this offer.
▪
Employers who shall not have signed the President's Reemployment Agreement before May 1, 1934, may accept this offer of extension by signing the President's Reemployment Agreement.
▪
All substitutions and exemptions approved, and all exceptions granted to particular employers, before May 1, 1934, will apply to the President's Reemployment Agreement as so extended.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
🏛️ Executive Branch Departments
🏛️ General Body of the People
Policy Areas & Topics
🏛️
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight)
§
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
JM
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Madisonian Stance: Vigilant / Cautionary
AH
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
Hamiltonian Stance: Defends Vigor & Dispatch
GM
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
📐
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
⚖️ Discretionary Twilight Zone
37 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8
Moderate Friction
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3
Low Friction
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment
Low Friction
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Confined strictly to internal federal jurisdiction, federal property, or direct military command.
Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments
Moderate Friction
Due Process & Individual Rights
Applies regulatory or compliance standards to private contractors or commercial entities.
Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers
Moderate Friction
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
Benchmark: Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
⚖️
Audit Synthesis
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
270
1,674 characters
Estimated Read Time
1 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
14.5
College Level
Text size:
Related Executive Orders
1 order cited directly in this text, plus related actions from this administration.
EO 6515 Dec 19, 1933
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
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📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
I hereby authorize and direct Charles E. Wyzanski, Jr., Solicitor of Labor, to perform the duties of Secretary of Labor during the absence of the Secretary of Labor and the Assistant Secretary of Labor.
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📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
The following clause or any appropriate modification thereof shall become effective as a part of any code of fair competition approved under said Title, upon application therefor (1) pursuant to the provisions of the code relating to amendments thereto or (2) by one or more…
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EO 6677 Apr 14, 1934
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 6677—Revocation in Part of Executive Order No. 5836, of April 13, 1932, Withdrawing Public Lands, California and Nevada
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
Executive Order No. 5836, dated April 13, 1932, withdrawing certain lands in California and Nevada, be, and it is hereby, revoked as to the following-described lands: California SAN BERNARDINO MERIDIAN T. 9 N., R. 2 E. It is further ordered, pursuant to Public Resolution 85…
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EO 6676 Apr 14, 1934
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 6676—Amendment of Schedule B, Subdivision I, Paragraph 1, of the Civil-Service Rules
📜 Art. II §3: Administrative Management & Civil Service
Paragraph 1 of subdivision I of schedule B of the civil-service rules is hereby amended to read: "1. Positions in the Indian Service not now excepted from examination under schedule A, where the applicants are of one fourth or more Indian blood." This order is issued upon the…
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EO 6675 Apr 13, 1934
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 6675-A—Approval of Code of Fair Competition for the Live Poultry Industry of the Metropolitan Area in and About the City of New York
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
I, Franklin D. Roosevelt , President of the United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, and otherwise, do hereby find that: 1.
Franklin D. Roosevelt College Level • 2m
EO 6675 Apr 13, 1934
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 6675—Allowance to Rural Carriers for Equipment Maintenance
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
The amount to be paid to carriers in the Rural Mail Delivery Service for equipment maintenance, which was fixed for the month of March, 1934, by Executive Order No. 6332, of October 12, 1933, at 1.176 cents per mile per day for each mile or major fraction of a mile scheduled…
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📜
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 6678 (Apr. 14, 1934), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-6678-extension-the-presidents-reemployment-agreement.
