An application having been duly made, pursuant to and in full compliance with the provisions of Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, for my approval of a Code of Fair Competition for the Needlework Industry in Puerto Rico, and hearings having been held thereon and the Administrator having rendered his report containing an analysis of this Code of Fair Competition, together with his recommendations and findings with respect thereto, and the Administrator having found that this Code of Fair Competition complies in all respects with the pertinent provisions of Title I of said Act and that the requirements of clauses (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of Section 3 of the said Act have been met. Now, Therefore, I, Franklin D. Roosevelt , President of the United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act approved June 16, 1933, and otherwise, do adopt and approve the report, recommendations and findings of the Administrator and do order that this Code of Fair Competition be and it is hereby approved, subject to the following conditions: 1. That any member of this Industry as defined in this Code under Article II, Section 1, shall in engaging in this industry in Puerto Rico be exempt from the provisions of the following Codes of Fair Competition: (a) The Handkerchief Industry (b) The Dress Manufacturing Industry (c) The Cotton Garment Industry (d) The Blouse and Skirt Manufacturing Industries (e) The Light Sewing Industry Except Garments (f) The Art Needlework Industry (g) The Infants' and Children's Wear Industry (h) The Undergarment and Negligee Industry (i) The Underwear and Allied Products Manufacturing Industry (j) The Pleating, Stitching and Bonnaz and Hand Embroidery Industry (k) The Schiffli, the Hand Machine Embroidery and the Embroidery Thread and Scallop Cutting Industries. 2. Where articles are manufactured or processed, in part, in Puerto Rico, under the provisions of this Code, and in part in the Continental United States under a Code of Fair Competition which prescribes the use of labels bearing N.R.A. insignia upon such articles, the Code Authorities of such Codes and the Code Authority of this Code shall, within a period of sixty days from the effective date of this Code, formulate and submit for the approval of the Administrator a plan for the issuance and use of labels upon such articles, and such special regulations relating thereto as may be necessary. Pending the approval of such plan and regulations, unless the Administrator shall order otherwise, continental manufacturers, as defined in this Code, shall not be required to comply with the label provisions of their respective Continental Codes as to products manufactured or processed, wholly or in part, in Puerto Rico, and bearing labels affixed to them pursuant to the provisions of this Code. 3. That any contractor or manufacturer as defined in this Code, in the manufacture or processing of whose products homeworkers are engaged as employees, shall be bound to pay such employees any deficiency in the wages actually received by them below the amount of wages wliich they should receive under the provisions of this Code. Such contractor or manufacturer shall be responsible for the delivery to such homeworkers of all their wages. 4. That there shall be appointed by the Administrator for the Industrial Recovery, within ten (10) days after the effective date hereof, a Puerto Rican Needlework Commission consisting of three persons: one of whom shall be nominated by the Code Authority for the Needlework Industry in Puerto Rico, another of whom shall be nominated by the several Code Authorities of related industries in continental United States, and a third person to serve as chairman, shall be nominated by the National Recovery Administration. This commission shall study the operation of this Code together with the operation of such codes as have jurisdiction over the manufacture of competitive products in the United States with a view to determining the relative effect of the operation of this Code upon the manufacture of such items in the several States and in Puerto Rico. Such Commission shall be empowered to make recommendations to the Administrator for such modifications in this Code as may, in the opinion of the commission, be necessary in order to maintain fair competition in the needlework trade in the several States and on the Island of Puerto Rico and in order to effectuate the purposes of the National Industrial Recovery Act. 5. That the choice of the impartial chairman of the Piece Rates Commission, shall be subject to the approval of the Administrator and that the piece rates established pursuant to the provisions of Section 5 of Article IV of the code shall be binding upon members of the Industry, for not more than a period of ninety days, from the effective date of this code. The Needlework Commission and the Piece Rates Commission shall, either jointly or severally, within ninety days after the effective date of this Code, recommend the continuation of said established minimum piecework rates or changes in such rates, or recommend a point system or other system for adjusting the minimum compensation of employees to the minimum wage rates provided in this Code. Such recommendations shall, upon approval of the Administrator, after such notice and hearing as he may prescribe, be binding upon all members of the Industry, as the rates provided for in said section FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT Approval Recommended: Hugh S Johnson Administrator. The White House, June 28, 1934.
Executive Order 6756-B—Code of Fair Competition for the Needlework Industry in Puerto Rico
Executive Brief • At a Glance
I, Franklin D. Roosevelt , President of the United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act approved June 16, 1933, and otherwise, do adopt and approve the report, recommendations and findings of the Administrator and do order that this Code of Fair Competition be and it is hereby approved, subject to the following conditions: 1.
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 28, 1934, this order concerns Code of Fair Competition for the Needlework Industry in Puerto Rico. I, Franklin D. Roosevelt , President of the United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act approved June 16, 1933, and otherwise, do adopt and approve the report, recommendations and findings of the Administrator and do order that this Code of Fair Competition be and it is hereby approved, subject to the following conditions: 1.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
I, Franklin D. Roosevelt , President of the United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act approved June 16, 1933, and otherwise, do adopt and approve the report, recommendations and findings of the Administrator and do order that this Code of Fair Competition be and it is hereby approved, subject to the following conditions: 1.
That any member of this Industry as defined in this Code under Article II, Section 1, shall in engaging in this industry in Puerto Rico be exempt from the provisions of the following Codes of Fair Competition: (a) The Handkerchief Industry (b) The Dress Manufacturing Industry (c) The Cotton Garment Industry (d) The Blouse and Skirt Manufacturing Industries (e) The Light Sewing Industry Except Garments (f) The Art Needlework Industry (g) The Infants' and Children's Wear Industry (h) The Undergarment and Negligee Industry (i) The Underwear and Allied Products Manufacturing Industry (j) The Pleating, Stitching and Bonnaz and Hand Embroidery Industry (k) The Schiffli, the Hand Machine Embroidery and the Embroidery Thread and Scallop Cutting…
Where articles are manufactured or processed, in part, in Puerto Rico, under the provisions of this Code, and in part in the Continental United States under a Code of Fair Competition which prescribes the use of labels bearing N.R.A. insignia upon such articles, the Code Authorities of such Codes and the Code Authority of this Code shall, within a period of sixty days from the effective date of this Code, formulate and submit for the approval of the Administrator a plan for the issuance and use of labels upon such articles, and such special regulations relating thereto as may be necessary.
Pending the approval of such plan and regulations, unless the Administrator shall order otherwise, continental manufacturers, as defined in this Code, shall not be required to comply with the label provisions of their respective Continental Codes as to products manufactured or processed, wholly or in part, in Puerto Rico, and bearing labels affixed to them pursuant to the provisions of this Code. 3.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
Policy Areas & Topics
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The purse and the sword ought never to be in the same hands... nor the liberties of the citizen placed at the pleasure of a single magistrate." — Virginia Ratifying Convention (1788)
George Mason and the Anti-Federalists would sound a fierce warning. They feared that Article II would inevitably evolve into an elective monarchy. When an executive order impacts private rights, property, or civil liberties without individualized judicial process, Mason would see their darkest predictions verified.
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Operates within delegated statutory execution without modifying legislative appropriations or taxing powers.
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Due Process & Individual Rights
Applies regulatory or compliance standards to private contractors or commercial entities.
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 6756 (June 28, 1934), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-6756-b-code-fair-competition-for-the-needlework-industry-puerto-rico.