Whereas section 2 of the act of December 17, 1914 (38 Stat. 786), as amended by section 2 of the act of January 22, 1927 (44 Stat. 1023), provides in part as follows: "The President is further authorized and directed to issue such Executive orders as will permit those persons in the Virgin Islands of the United States lawfully entitled to sell, deal in, dispense, prescribe, and distribute the aforesaid drugs, to obtain said drugs from persons registered under this Act within the continental United States for legitimate medical purposes, without regard to the order forms described in this section." Now, Therefore , by virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by the above-quoted provision of the said act, it is hereby ordered: 1. That any person lawfully entitled to sell, deal in, dispense, prescribe, or distribute opium or coca leaves, or any compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, or preparation thereof, in the Virgin Islands of the United States, may obtain such narcotics as shall be necessary for legitimate medical purposes within those islands by executing a written order therefor upon a duly qualified importer, manufacturer, producer, compounder, or dealer in such drugs located in the continental United States: Provided , That such order has been first submitted to the Commissioner of Health of the Virgin Islands and bears upon its face the approval of said Commissioner of Health of the Virgin Islands, the official seal of the Government of the Virgin Islands, and the date of such approval. 2. Upon receipt of the order for narcotic drugs from the person in the Virgin Islands ordering such drugs, the Commissioner of Health of the Virgin Islands, if he finds that such person is qualified in accordance with the terms of the preceding section, and if he is satisfied that such person is ordering the drugs for legitimate medical purposes only, shall approve the order form by signing a suitable notation on the face thereof, including the date of such approval, and impress the seal of the Government of the Virgin Islands thereon, and return same to the person from whom it was received, who may then transmit the approved order to the appropriate prospective vendor in the continental United States, who is hereby authorized to furnish and ship the drugs called for in the said order in the same manner and to the same extent that he would be authorized if the order were properly executed on an official order form submitted by a duly qualified dealer or practitioner in the continental United States under section 2 of the act of December 17, 1914 (38 Stat. 786), as amended. 3. No order as above described shall be filled by any importer, manufacturer, producer, compounder, or dealer in the continental United States if received after 2 months from the date of approval described in the preceding section. If, for any reason, an approved order is not forwarded to the person in the continental United States from whom the drug is to be ordered in time to reach such person on or before the expiration of a period of 2 months after the date of approval, such order shall be returned to the Commissioner of Health of the Virgin Islands for cancelation. The Commissioner of Health of the Virgin Islands shall keep a record of all orders received by him, showing the date the order was received, the date it was approved, if approved, and the date the approved order was returned to tho person submitting it. The Commissioner of Health of the Virgin Islands shall submit semiannually to the Commissioner of Narcotics of the United States, not later than the 1st of September and the 1st of March respectively, reports covering the respective preceding semi-annual periods ending June 30 and December 31, showing the total amounts and kinds of narcotic drugs for which orders were approved, the total amounts and kinds of narcotic drugs actually received in the islands during the periods, the total amounts and kinds of narcotic drugs actually sold or dispensed in the islands during the periods; and the total amounts and kinds of narcotic drugs on hand in the islands at the close of the said periods. For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this order, the Commissioner of Health of the Virgin Islands, with the advice and consent of the Governor of the Virgin Islands, is hereby authorized to require such periodical reports concerning narcotic drugs from persons ordering, dealing in, selling, dispensing, prescribing, or distributing such drugs in the Virgin Islands as he shall deem appropriate for the purpose. 4. The word "person", as used in this order, shall be construed to mean and include a partnership, association, company, or corporation as well as a natural person. 5. The Commissioner of Narcotics of the United States, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, shall make all needful rules and regulations for carrying into effect the provisions of this order insofar as it concerns persons registered under the said act of December 17, 1914, as amended, in the continental United States. 6. Responsibility is placed upon the Governor of the Virgin Islands to enforce the provisions of this order in the said islands in such manner that the sale, dealing in, dispensing, prescribing, distribution, and use of narcotic drugs therein shall be confined to legitimate medical purposes. Any shipment of transfer of narcotic drugs from the continental United States not in accordance with the provisions and requirements of this order shall subject the parties responsible for such shipment or transfer to the penalties provided in the said act of December 17, 1914, as amended. This order supersedes Executive Order No. 5502, of December 2, 1930. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT The White House, Dec. 4, 1934.
Executive Order 6913—Rules Governing the Obtaining of Narcotic Drugs and Preparations by Qualified Persons in the Virgin Islands From Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in the United States
Executive Brief • At a Glance
That any person lawfully entitled to sell, deal in, dispense, prescribe, or distribute opium or coca leaves, or any compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, or preparation thereof, in the Virgin Islands of the United States, may obtain such narcotics as shall be necessary for legitimate medical purposes within those islands by executing a written order therefor upon a duly qualified importer, manufacturer, producer, compounder, or dealer in such drugs located in the continental United States: Provided , That such order has been first submitted to the Commissioner of Health of the Virgin Islands and bears upon its face the approval of said Commissioner of Health of the Virgin Islands, the official seal of the Government of the Virgin…
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on December 4, 1934, this order concerns Rules Governing the Obtaining of Narcotic Drugs and Preparations by Qualified Persons in the Virgin Islands From Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in the United States. That any person lawfully entitled to sell, deal in, dispense, prescribe, or distribute opium or coca leaves, or any compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, or preparation thereof, in the Virgin Islands of the United States, may obtain such narcotics as shall be necessary for legitimate medical purposes within those islands by executing a written order therefor upon a duly qualified importer, manufacturer…
Key Directives & Operative Actions
That any person lawfully entitled to sell, deal in, dispense, prescribe, or distribute opium or coca leaves, or any compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, or preparation thereof, in the Virgin Islands of the United States, may obtain such narcotics as shall be necessary for legitimate medical purposes within those islands by executing a written order therefor upon a duly qualified importer, manufacturer, producer, compounder, or dealer in such drugs located in the continental United States: Provided , That such order has been first submitted to the Commissioner of Health of the Virgin Islands and bears upon its face the approval of said Commissioner of Health of the Virgin Islands, the official seal of the Government of the Virgin…
Upon receipt of the order for narcotic drugs from the person in the Virgin Islands ordering such drugs, the Commissioner of Health of the Virgin Islands, if he finds that such person is qualified in accordance with the terms of the preceding section, and if he is satisfied that such person is ordering the drugs for legitimate medical purposes only, shall approve the order form by signing a suitable notation on the face thereof, including the date of such approval, and impress the seal of the Government of the Virgin Islands thereon, and return same to the person from whom it was received, who may then transmit the approved order to the appropriate prospective vendor in the continental United States, who is hereby authorized to furnish and…
No order as above described shall be filled by any importer, manufacturer, producer, compounder, or dealer in the continental United States if received after 2 months from the date of approval described in the preceding section.
If, for any reason, an approved order is not forwarded to the person in the continental United States from whom the drug is to be ordered in time to reach such person on or before the expiration of a period of 2 months after the date of approval, such order shall be returned to the Commissioner of Health of the Virgin Islands for cancelation.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
Policy Areas & Topics
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)
Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"The direction of war implies the direction of the common strength; and the power of directing and employing the common strength must be under the direction of the single hand of the Executive." — Federalist No. 74 (1788)
Hamilton would forcefully champion executive discretion here. For foreign entanglements, commerce defense, and national security, deliberative assemblies are too slow and faction-ridden. A unified, energetic Executive exercising swift command is precisely what the Philadelphia Convention intended for national preservation.
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Touches upon core congressional prerogatives: raises appropriations reallocation, tariff imposition, or statutory preemption questions.
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Creates friction with the Tenth Amendment by conditioning state grants, mandating local compliance, or preempting state police powers.
Due Process & Individual Rights
Applies regulatory or compliance standards to private contractors or commercial entities.
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 6913 (Dec. 4, 1934), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-6913-rules-governing-the-obtaining-narcotic-drugs-and-preparations.