TERRITORY OF HAWAII Whereas by Proclamation dated April 24, 1911, the Governor of the Territory of Hawaii reserved and set aside certain lands at Kawaihae, Territory of Hawaii, for lighthouse purposes, which lands comprise the Kawaihae Lighthouse Reservation; and Whereas a recent survey made by the Survey Department of the Territory of Hawaii, and shown on Territorial Government Survey Map 2983, has developed discrepancies in the description of the boundaries of the said Lighthouse Reservation as contained in the said Proclamation of April 24, 1911: Now, Therefore , by virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 91 of the act of April 30, 1900, 31 Stat. 141,159, as amended by section 7 of the act of May 27, 1910, 36 Stat. 443, 447, it is ordered that the description of the boundaries of the Kawaihae Lighthouse Reservation be, and it is hereby, corrected to read as follows: Beginning at a point marked by a drill hole in the center of a cross on rock (+) at the north corner of the parcel of land, the coordinates of said point referred to Territorial Government Survey Triangulation Station "Puu Kamalli", being 2198.93 feet south and 3598.89 feet west, as shown on Territorial Government Survey Map 2983, the running of azimuths measured clockwise from true south: 1. 332°50' 672.10 feet along Hawaiian home land to a drill hole at the apex of a V (>o) on rock; thence 2. 63°27' 729.29 feet along same and along Grant 5455 to Mutual Telephone Company to a point on seashore at highwater mark, passing over a drill hole in the center of a cross (-o-) on rock at 689.29 feet. 3. Thence along highwater mark at seashore, the direct azimuth and distance being 130°41' 474.24 feet thence 4. 228°55' 935.52 feet along Kawaihae Residence Lots and Hawaiian home land to the point of beginning, passing over a drill hole in the center of a cross (+) on rock at 40 feet and containing an area of 10.261 acres, more or less. There is hereby excepted, however, from the said Reservation, for the use of the Territory of Hawaii for road purposes, a strip of land approximately sixty feet wide comprising a part of the Mahukona-Kawaihae public highway, such land being more particularly described as follows: Beginning at a 1¼ inch pipe imbeded in concrete at the west corner at this strip of land and the east corner of Lot 29, Kawaihae Residence Lots, the true azimuth and distance from said point of beginning to a drill hole in center of cross on rock (+) at seashore, being 48°55' 269.95 feet, and the coordinates of said point referred to Territorial Government Survey Triangulation Station "Puu Kamalli" being 2610.02 feet south and 4070.42 feet west, as shown on Territorial Government Survey Map 2983, all azimuths being measured clockwise from true south: 1. 228°55' 60.10 feet across this highway right-of-way to a pipe imbeded in concrete; thence 2. 322°12' 317.70 feet along northeast side; 3. Thence along same on a curve to the left, having a radius of 2470.0 feet, the direct azimuth and distance being 319°35'17" 225.12 feet; thence 4. 63°27' 62.52 feet across this highway right-of-way; 5. Thence along the southwest side of highway right-of-way on a curve to the right having a radius of 2530.0 feet, the direct azimuth and distance being 139°47'19.5" 212.88 feet; thence 6. 142°12' 314.26 feet along the southwest side of highway right-of-way to the point of beginning and containing an area of 737/1000 of an acre, more or less. The net area of the Kawaihae Lighthouse Reservation as above described is 9.524 acres, more or less. FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT The White House, July 17, 1937.
Executive Order 7665—Correcting Description of Boundaries of Kawaihae Lighthouse Reservation
Executive Brief • At a Glance
The description of the boundaries of the Kawaihae Lighthouse Reservation be, and it is hereby, corrected to read as follows: Beginning at a point marked by a drill hole in the center of a cross on rock (+) at the north corner of the parcel of land, the coordinates of said point referred to Territorial Government Survey Triangulation Station "Puu Kamalli", being 2198.93 feet south and 3598.89 feet west, as shown on Territorial Government Survey Map 2983, the running of azimuths measured clockwise from true south: 1. 332°50' 672.10 feet along Hawaiian home land to a drill hole at the apex of a V (>o) on rock; thence 2. 63°27' 729.29 feet along same and along Grant 5455 to Mutual Telephone Company to a point on seashore at highwater mark…
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on July 17, 1937, this order concerns Correcting Description of Boundaries of Kawaihae Lighthouse Reservation. The description of the boundaries of the Kawaihae Lighthouse Reservation be, and it is hereby, corrected to read as follows: Beginning at a point marked by a drill hole in the center of a cross on rock (+) at the north corner of the parcel of land, the coordinates of said point referred to Territorial Government Survey Triangulation Station "Puu Kamalli", being 2198.93 feet south and 3598.89 feet west, as shown on…
Key Directives & Operative Actions
The description of the boundaries of the Kawaihae Lighthouse Reservation be, and it is hereby, corrected to read as follows: Beginning at a point marked by a drill hole in the center of a cross on rock (+) at the north corner of the parcel of land, the coordinates of said point referred to Territorial Government Survey Triangulation Station "Puu Kamalli", being 2198.93 feet south and 3598.89 feet west, as shown on Territorial Government Survey Map 2983, the running of azimuths measured clockwise from true south: 1. 332°50' 672.10 feet along Hawaiian home land to a drill hole at the apex of a V (>o) on rock; thence 2. 63°27' 729.29 feet along same and along Grant 5455 to Mutual Telephone Company to a point on seashore at highwater mark…
Thence along highwater mark at seashore, the direct azimuth and distance being 130°41' 474.24 feet thence 4. 228°55' 935.52 feet along Kawaihae Residence Lots and Hawaiian home land to the point of beginning, passing over a drill hole in the center of a cross (+) on rock at 40 feet and containing an area of 10.261 acres, more or less.
There is hereby excepted, however, from the said Reservation, for the use of the Territory of Hawaii for road purposes, a strip of land approximately sixty feet wide comprising a part of the Mahukona-Kawaihae public highway, such land being more particularly described as follows: Beginning at a 1¼ inch pipe imbeded in concrete at the west corner at this strip of land and the east corner of Lot 29, Kawaihae Residence Lots, the true azimuth and distance from said point of beginning to a drill hole in center of cross on rock (+) at seashore, being 48°55' 269.95 feet, and the coordinates of said point referred to Territorial Government Survey Triangulation Station "Puu Kamalli" being 2610.02 feet south and 4070.42 feet west, as shown on…
Thence along same on a curve to the left, having a radius of 2470.0 feet, the direct azimuth and distance being 319°35'17" 225.12 feet; thence 4. 63°27' 62.52 feet across this highway right-of-way; 5.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
Policy Areas & Topics
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Confined strictly to internal federal jurisdiction, federal property, or direct military command.
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 7665 (July 17, 1937), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-7665-correcting-description-boundaries-kawaihae-lighthouse-reservation.