By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 257 (a) of the Revenue Act of 1926 (44 Stat. 9, 51); section 55 of the Revenue Act of 1932 (47 Stat. 169, 189) as amended by section 218 (h) of the National Industrial Recovery Act (48 Stat. 195, 209); sections 215 (e) and 216 (b) of the National Industrial Recovery Act (48 Stat. 195, 208); sections 55 (a), 701 (e), and 702 (b) of the Revenue Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 680, 698, 770); sections 105 (e) and 106 (c) of the Revenue Act of 1935 (49 Stat. 1014, 1018; 1019); and sections 55 (a), 351 (c), and 503 (a) of the Revenue Act of 1936 (49 Stat. 1648, 1671, 1733, 1738), it is hereby ordered that income, excess-profits, and capital stock tax returns made under the Revenue Act of 1932, the Revenue Act of 1932, as amended by the National Industrial Recovery Act, the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Revenue Act of 1934, the Revenue Act of 1935, as amended by the Revenue Act of 1936, the Revenue Act of 1936, and the Revenue Act of 1936, as amended by the Revenue Act of 1937, for the calendar year 1932 and all subsequent taxable years to and including the fiscal year ending November 30, 1938, shall be open to inspection by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, or any duly authorized subcommittee thereof, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of House Resolution 282, passed May 26, 1938 (Seventy-fifth Congress, third session); such inspection to be in accordance and upon compliance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury in the Treasury Decision relating to the inspection of returns by that committee, approved by me this date. This order shall be published in the Federal Register . FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT The White House, July 14, 1938.
Executive Order 7933 🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
Executive Order 7933-A—Inspection of Income, Excess-Profits, and Capital Stock Tax Returns by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives
Executive Brief • At a Glance
⏱️ 2 min read (316 words) •
● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate
Income, excess-profits, and capital stock tax returns made under the Revenue Act of 1932, the Revenue Act of 1932, as amended by the National Industrial Recovery Act, the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Revenue Act of 1934, the Revenue Act of 1935, as amended by the Revenue Act of 1936, the Revenue Act of 1936, and the Revenue Act of 1936, as amended by the Revenue Act of 1937, for the calendar year 1932 and all subsequent taxable years to and including the fiscal year ending November 30, 1938, shall be open to inspection by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, or any duly authorized subcommittee thereof, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of House Resolution 282, passed May 26, 1938…
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority
Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Financial Institutions & Monetary Authorities
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on July 14, 1938, this order concerns Inspection of Income, Excess-Profits, and Capital Stock Tax Returns by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives. Income, excess-profits, and capital stock tax returns made under the Revenue Act of 1932, the Revenue Act of 1932, as amended by the National Industrial Recovery Act, the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Revenue Act of 1934, the Revenue Act of 1935, as amended by the Revenue Act of 1936, the Revenue Act of 1936, and the Revenue Act of 1936, as amended by the Revenue Act of 1937, for the calendar year 1932 and…
Constitutional Assessment: This action represents an orderly exercise of Article II administrative discretion, managing the internal machinery and personnel of the executive branch without abridging the ancient liberties of the people.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
▪
Income, excess-profits, and capital stock tax returns made under the Revenue Act of 1932, the Revenue Act of 1932, as amended by the National Industrial Recovery Act, the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Revenue Act of 1934, the Revenue Act of 1935, as amended by the Revenue Act of 1936, the Revenue Act of 1936, and the Revenue Act of 1936, as amended by the Revenue Act of 1937, for the calendar year 1932 and all subsequent taxable years to and including the fiscal year ending November 30, 1938, shall be open to inspection by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, or any duly authorized subcommittee thereof, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of House Resolution 282, passed May 26, 1938…
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
🏛️ Financial Institutions & Monetary Authorities
Policy Areas & Topics
🏛️
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority)
§
"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."
— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
JM
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)
Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.
Madisonian Stance: Concurring (Statutory)
AH
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"The direction of war implies the direction of the common strength; and the power of directing and employing the common strength must be under the direction of the single hand of the Executive." — Federalist No. 74 (1788)
Hamilton would forcefully champion executive discretion here. For foreign entanglements, commerce defense, and national security, deliberative assemblies are too slow and faction-ridden. A unified, energetic Executive exercising swift command is precisely what the Philadelphia Convention intended for national preservation.
Hamiltonian Stance: Supportive of Execution
GM
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
📐
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
🛡️ High Constitutional Concordance
26 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8
Moderate Friction
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3
Low Friction
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment
Low Friction
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Confined strictly to internal federal jurisdiction, federal property, or direct military command.
Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments
Low Friction
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers
Low Friction
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.
Benchmark: Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
⚖️
Audit Synthesis
This order operates in close harmony with statutory authority and standard Article II supervisory execution.
Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
316
1,786 characters
Estimated Read Time
2 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
14.9
College Level
Text size:
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EO 7933 Jul 14, 1938
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 7933—Transferring Funds From the Department of Commerce to the Civil Aeronautics Authority
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
There be transferred effective July 7, 1938, to the Civil Aeronautics Authority the initial sum of $100,000 from the unexpended balance of the appropriation "Salaries, Bureau of Air Commerce, 1939," Department of Commerce.
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EO 7932 Jul 14, 1938
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 7932—Exemption of Ulysses S. Shewmaker From Compulsory Retirement for Age
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
I hereby exempt the said Ulysses S. Shewmaker from compulsory retirement for age for a period of one year ending September 30, 1939.
Franklin D. Roosevelt High School • 1m
EO 7931 Jul 14, 1938
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 7931—Exemption of Marion C. Hargrove From Compulsory Retirement for Age
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
I hereby exempt the said Marion C. Hargrove from compulsory retirement for age for a period of one year ending November 30, 1939.
Franklin D. Roosevelt High School • 1m
EO 7930 Jul 14, 1938
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 7930—Exemption of William H. Griffin From Compulsory Retirement for Age
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
I hereby further exempt the said William H. Griffin from compulsory retirement for age for a period of one year ending July 31, 1939.
Franklin D. Roosevelt High School • 1m
EO 7929 Jul 14, 1938
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 7929—Exemption of Ernest P. Rands From Compulsory Retirement for Age
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
I hereby exempt the said Ernest P. Rands from compulsory retirement for age for a period of one year ending July 31, 1939.
Franklin D. Roosevelt High School • 1m
EO 7928 Jul 14, 1938
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 7928—Designating St. Petersburg, Florida, as a Customs Port of Entry
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
The port of St. Petersburg, Florida, be, and it is hereby, designated as a customs port of entry in Customs Collection District No. 18 (Florida), with headquarters at Tampa, Florida.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Grade 6 • 1m
📜
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 7933 (July 14, 1938), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-7933-inspection-income-excess-profits-and-capital-stock-tax-returns-the.
