By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Act of June 12, 1934, entitled "An Act to amend the Tariff Act of 1930" (48 Stat. 943), as amended, the Committee for Reciprocity Information, created by Executive Order No. 6750 of June 27, 1934, is hereby placed under the jurisdiction and control of the Department of State, its functions to be exercised under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of State, who shall designate from the membership of the Committee the Chairman thereof. The Executive Committee on Commercial Policy, created by Executive Letter of November 11, 1933, and continued by Executive Orders No. 6656 of March 27, 1934, and No. 7260 of December 31, 1935, shall continue to exercise its function of selecting certain members of' the said Committee for Reciprocity Information. This order shall become effective on July 1, 1939. FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT The White House, July 5, 1939.
Executive Order 8190 🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
Executive Order 8190—Placing the Committee for Reciprocity Information Under the Jurisdiction and Control of the Department of State
Executive Brief • At a Glance
⏱️ 1 min read (152 words) •
● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate
The Committee for Reciprocity Information, created by Executive Order No. 6750 of June 27, 1934, is hereby placed under the jurisdiction and control of the Department of State, its functions to be exercised under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of State, who shall designate from the membership of the Committee the Chairman thereof.
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority
Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Merchants, Importers & Commercial Enterprises Sovereign State Governments & Localities Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on July 5, 1939, this order concerns Placing the Committee for Reciprocity Information Under the Jurisdiction and Control of the Department of State. The Committee for Reciprocity Information, created by Executive Order No. 6750 of June 27, 1934, is hereby placed under the jurisdiction and control of the Department of State, its functions to be exercised under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of State, who shall designate from the membership of the Committee the Chairman thereof.
Constitutional Assessment: This action represents an orderly exercise of Article II administrative discretion, managing the internal machinery and personnel of the executive branch without abridging the ancient liberties of the people.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
▪
The Committee for Reciprocity Information, created by Executive Order No. 6750 of June 27, 1934, is hereby placed under the jurisdiction and control of the Department of State, its functions to be exercised under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of State, who shall designate from the membership of the Committee the Chairman thereof.
▪
The Executive Committee on Commercial Policy, created by Executive Letter of November 11, 1933, and continued by Executive Orders No. 6656 of March 27, 1934, and No. 7260 of December 31, 1935, shall continue to exercise its function of selecting certain members of' the said Committee for Reciprocity Information.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
🏛️ Merchants, Importers & Commercial Enterprises
🏛️ Sovereign State Governments & Localities
🏛️ Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants
Policy Areas & Topics
🏛️
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority)
§
"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."
— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
JM
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)
Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.
Madisonian Stance: Concurring (Statutory)
AH
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"The direction of war implies the direction of the common strength; and the power of directing and employing the common strength must be under the direction of the single hand of the Executive." — Federalist No. 74 (1788)
Hamilton would forcefully champion executive discretion here. For foreign entanglements, commerce defense, and national security, deliberative assemblies are too slow and faction-ridden. A unified, energetic Executive exercising swift command is precisely what the Philadelphia Convention intended for national preservation.
Hamiltonian Stance: Supportive of Execution
GM
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
📐
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
⚖️ Discretionary Twilight Zone
31 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8
Moderate Friction
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3
Low Friction
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment
Moderate Friction
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments
Low Friction
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers
Low Friction
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.
Benchmark: Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
⚖️
Audit Synthesis
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
152
912 characters
Estimated Read Time
1 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
11.8
High School
Text size:
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Referenced By Later Executive Orders (1)
Subsequent presidents who cited, amended, continued, or revoked this directive in later orders.
Harry S Truman • 1945-10-25
Related Executive Orders
1 order cited directly in this text, plus related actions from this administration.
EO 6750 Jun 27, 1934
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 6750-B—Supplementary Code of Fair Competition for the Plastering and Lathing Contracting Division of the Construction Industry
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
I, Franklin D. Roosevelt , President of the United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, and otherwise, do adopt and approve the report, recommendations and findings of the Administrator and do…
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EO 8193 Jul 5, 1939
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 8193—Partial Revocation of Executive Order No. 5894 of July 26, 1932, Withdrawing Public Land
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
COLORADO By virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by the act of June 25, 1910, c. 421, 36 Stat. 847, Executive Order No. 5894 of July 26, 1932, withdrawing public lands in Colorado pending a resurvey, is hereby revoked as to the following-described townships: NEW…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Grade 8 • 1m
EO 8193 Jul 5, 1939
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 8193-A—Assignment of Frequencies to Government Radio Stations
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
I hereby assign frequencies to Government radio stations and classes of stations as follows: 1. Such frequencies as are herein assigned to classes of stations for use in the Canal Zone are approved in conformity with section 305 of the Communications Act of 1934 as amended, or…
Franklin D. Roosevelt College Level • 4m
EO 8192 Jul 5, 1939
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 8192—Partial Revocation of Executive Order No. 2608 of May 4, 1917, and Rewithdrawal for Use by the Forest as an Addition to an Existing Administrative Site
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
Executive Order No. 2608 of May 4, 1917, temporarily withdrawing certain lands along the Alaska Railroad for townsite purposes, is hereby revoked as to the following-described land: Beginning at point for Corner No. 1, U.S. Survey 608, Alaska, on line of mean high water, Kenai…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Grade 8 • 1m
EO 8191 Jul 5, 1939
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 8191—Placing the Goethals Memorial Commission Under the Jurisdiction and Control of the War Department
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
The Goethals Memorial Commission, appointed by me under the authority of the said Act, is hereby placed under the jurisdiction and control of the War Department, its functions to be performed under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of War.
Franklin D. Roosevelt High School • 1m
EO 8189 Jul 5, 1939
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Fidelity (+0.64)
Executive Order 8189—Amending the Foreign Service Regulations of the United States
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
The Foreign Service Regulations of the United States be, and they are hereby, amended by prescribing the following as Chapter IV thereof: CHAPTER IV ADMINISTRATION IV-1. Transfer of office. (a) Permanent transfer.
Franklin D. Roosevelt High School • 10m
📜
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 8190 (July 5, 1939), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-8190-placing-the-committee-for-reciprocity-information-under-the.
