By virtue of the power vested in me as President of the United States and by the act approved May 3, 1939, entitled "An Act to amend the act entitled 'An Act authorizing the temporary detail of United States employees, possessing special qualifications, to governments of American republics and the Philippines, and for other purposes', approved May 25, 1938", I hereby prescribe the following regulations pertaining to the administration of the said act of May 3, 1939: 1. Requests of foreign governments for the services of United States Government officers and employees having special scientific or other technical or professional qualifications shall be made through diplomatic channels to the Secretary of State. 2. If the United States is unable to comply with the request of the foreign government because of lack of facilities or qualified personnel, the Secretary of State shall so inform the foreign government. 3. If the United States is able to comply with the request of the foreign government, but the Secretary of State, after consultation with the department or agency concerned, concludes that compliance therewith would not be in the public interest, he shall submit the request to the President with his recommendation and reasons therefor. If the Secretary deems compliance with such request to be in the public interest, he shall submit the matter to the department or agency concerned, indicating in his submission the nature of the services to be rendered, the probable length of the detail or assignment, and such other relative information as may be available, and requesting such department or agency to furnish the names of the officers or employees available, together with information as to their previous experience and special qualifications (including language qualifications), their basic salaries, their family status, and such other information as may in the opinion of the Secretary of State be necessary or desirable. 4. Upon receipt of the requested information from the department or agency concerned, the Secretary of State shall submit, with pertinent information and data, the request of the foreign government to the President with his recommendations, which shall include recommendations as to (1) length of detail or assignment, (2) amount of additional compensation, if any, of officer or employee detailed, (3) amount of monthly allowances to detailed officer or employee for quarters and subsistence, (4) amount of reimbursement for travel expenses of detailed officer or employee to and from the place of detail, and (5) acceptance from the interested foreign government of reimbursement, in whole or in part, of the cost involved. If the President determines that the request of the foreign government shall be granted by the United States, the Secretary of State shall so notify the foreign government, and shall in his discretion inform it as to the cost involved and request it to indicate whether it desires to reimburse the United States in whole or in part for such cost. 5. The Secretary of State shall establish for administrative purposes such forms as may be necessary for the maintenance of uniform records which shall include full information with respect to each detail or assignment. Upon completion of arrangements for each detail, the Secretary of State shall furnish a copy of the completed form to the agency lending the services of the officer or employee concerned. 6. The Secretary of State may prescribe such regulations not inconsistent herewith as he may deem necessary or desirable for carrying out the provisions of this order. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT The White House, July 11, 1939 .
Executive Order 8197—Regulations Pertaining to the Administration of the Act of May 3, 1939, Public No. 63, 76th Congress, 1st Session
Executive Brief • At a Glance
I hereby prescribe the following regulations pertaining to the administration of the said act of May 3, 1939: 1.
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on July 11, 1939, this order concerns Regulations Pertaining to the Administration of the Act of May 3, 1939, Public No. 63, 76th Congress, 1st Session. I hereby prescribe the following regulations pertaining to the administration of the said act of May 3, 1939: 1. Requests of foreign governments for the services of United States Government officers and employees having special scientific or other technical or professional qualifications shall be made through diplomatic channels to the Secretary of State. 2.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
I hereby prescribe the following regulations pertaining to the administration of the said act of May 3, 1939: 1.
Requests of foreign governments for the services of United States Government officers and employees having special scientific or other technical or professional qualifications shall be made through diplomatic channels to the Secretary of State. 2.
If the United States is unable to comply with the request of the foreign government because of lack of facilities or qualified personnel, the Secretary of State shall so inform the foreign government. 3.
If the United States is able to comply with the request of the foreign government, but the Secretary of State, after consultation with the department or agency concerned, concludes that compliance therewith would not be in the public interest, he shall submit the request to the President with his recommendation and reasons therefor.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
Policy Areas & Topics
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)
Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The purse and the sword ought never to be in the same hands... nor the liberties of the citizen placed at the pleasure of a single magistrate." — Virginia Ratifying Convention (1788)
George Mason and the Anti-Federalists would sound a fierce warning. They feared that Article II would inevitably evolve into an elective monarchy. When an executive order impacts private rights, property, or civil liberties without individualized judicial process, Mason would see their darkest predictions verified.
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Referenced By Later Executive Orders (1)
Subsequent presidents who cited, amended, continued, or revoked this directive in later orders.
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 8197 (July 11, 1939), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-8197-regulations-pertaining-the-administration-the-act-may-3-1939-public.