OREGON By virtue of the authority vested in me by the act of April 14, 1934, 48 Stat. 590, to revise the boundaries of the Fremont National Forest in the State of Oregon, it is ordered that, subject to the conditions therein expressed and to valid existing rights, and to the provisions of existing power and reclamation withdrawals, the following-described lands, which are principally valuable for the production of timber, and which, in my opinion, can best be administered by the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture, be, and they are hereby, included in the Fremont National Forest, such lands to be subject to all laws relating to national forests: OREGON Willamette Meridian T. 29 S., R. 12 E., sec. 2, all; T. 29 S., R. 13 E., sec. 14, SW¼; sec. 15, S½; sec. 16, S½; T. 29 S., R. 14 E., sec. 16, S½; T 32 S., R. 16 E., sec. 35, E½; T. 33 S.. R. 17 E., sec. 7, E½; sec. 17, W½; T. 34 S., R. 18 E., sec. 25, S½; sec. 26, SE¼; sec. 35, N½; sec. 36, all; T. 36 S., R. 19 E., sec. 13 all; T. 36 S, R. 20 E.. sec. 20, NE¼; sec. 21, N½; T 37 S., R. 22 E., sec. 34, NE¼; T. 38 S., R. 22 E., sec. 3, all: sec. 5, all; sec. 7, Lots 3, 4, E½, E½SW¼; sec. 8, all; sec. 9, all; sec. 10. all: sec. 15, N½, SW¼; sec. 16, all; sec. 17, all; sec. 18, all; see. 19, all; sec. 20, all; sec. 29, W½; sec. 30. all; sec. 31, all; T. 39 S., R. 22 E., sec. 5, all; sec. 6, all; sec. 7, all; sec. 8, all; sec. 17, all; sec. 20, N½; sec. 31, E½, Lots 3, 4, E½SW¼; T. 40 S., R. 22 E., sec. 5, W½; sec. 6, E½; sec. 8, NW¼; sec. 17, SW¼SW¼; sec. 20, W½; sec. 29, S½NE¼, NW¼, S½; sec. 32, NW¼; sec. 33, all. FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT The White House, February 12, 1942.
Executive Order 9060 🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)
📜 10th Amend: Intergovernmental Federalism Cooperation
Executive Order 9060—Including Certain Lands in the Fremont National Forest
Executive Brief • At a Glance
⏱️ 2 min read (344 words) •
● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate
Subject to the conditions therein expressed and to valid existing rights, and to the provisions of existing power and reclamation withdrawals, the following-described lands, which are principally valuable for the production of timber, and which, in my opinion, can best be administered by the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture, be, and they are hereby, included in the Fremont National Forest, such lands to be subject to all laws relating to national forests: OREGON Willamette Meridian T. 29 S., R. 12 E., sec. 2, all; T. 29 S., R. 13 E., sec. 14, SW¼; sec. 15, S½; sec. 16, S½; T. 29 S., R. 14 E., sec. 16, S½; T 32 S., R. 16 E., sec. 35, E½; T. 33 S..
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority
Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
📜 10th Amend: Intergovernmental Federalism Cooperation
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Sovereign State Governments & Localities Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 12, 1942, this order concerns Including Certain Lands in the Fremont National Forest. Subject to the conditions therein expressed and to valid existing rights, and to the provisions of existing power and reclamation withdrawals, the following-described lands, which are principally valuable for the production of timber, and which, in my opinion, can best be administered by the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture, be, and they are hereby, included in the Fremont National Forest, such lands…
Constitutional Assessment: Reviewed under the Tenth Amendment and the principle of dual federalism, this order touches upon domains traditionally reserved to the sovereign States. The Framers would caution against any attempt to commandeer state officers or displace local police powers through federal executive fiat.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
▪
Subject to the conditions therein expressed and to valid existing rights, and to the provisions of existing power and reclamation withdrawals, the following-described lands, which are principally valuable for the production of timber, and which, in my opinion, can best be administered by the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture, be, and they are hereby, included in the Fremont National Forest, such lands to be subject to all laws relating to national forests: OREGON Willamette Meridian T. 29 S., R. 12 E., sec. 2, all; T. 29 S., R. 13 E., sec. 14, SW¼; sec. 15, S½; sec. 16, S½; T. 29 S., R. 14 E., sec. 16, S½; T 32 S., R. 16 E., sec. 35, E½; T. 33 S..
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
🏛️ Sovereign State Governments & Localities
🏛️ Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants
Policy Areas & Topics
🏛️
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority)
§
"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."
— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
JM
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)
Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.
Madisonian Stance: Concurring (Statutory)
AH
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
Hamiltonian Stance: Supportive of Execution
GM
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." — 10th Amendment to the US Constitution (1791)
Mason would scrutinize whether this federal directive intrudes into police powers, land stewardship, or municipal domains historically reserved to local citizens. The Anti-Federalist demand is that federal administration must never supplant state self-governance.
Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
📐
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
🛡️ High Constitutional Concordance
23 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8
Low Friction
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Operates within delegated statutory execution without modifying legislative appropriations or taxing powers.
Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3
Low Friction
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment
Moderate Friction
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments
Low Friction
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers
Low Friction
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.
Benchmark: Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
⚖️
Audit Synthesis
This order operates in close harmony with statutory authority and standard Article II supervisory execution.
Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
344
1,653 characters
Estimated Read Time
2 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
1.9
Grade 2
Text size:
Related Executive Orders
Other executive actions signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt around this period.
EO 9061 Feb 12, 1942
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 9061—Placing Certain Lands Within the Fremont National Forest Under the Administration of the Department of the Interior
📜 10th Amend: Intergovernmental Federalism Cooperation
The following-described lands now within the Fremont National Forest in the State of Oregon, which are principally valuable for grazing, and which, in my opinion, can best be administered under the provisions of the said act of June 28, 1934, be, and they are hereby, placed…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Grade 4 • 1m
EO 9059 Feb 12, 1942
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 9059—Excluding Certain Tracts of Land From the Chugach and Tongass National Forests and Restoring Them to Entry
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
The following described tracts of land in Alaska, occupied as homesites and identified by elimination surveys, plats and field notes of which are on file in the General Land Office, Washington, D.C., be, and they are hereby, excluded from the Chugach and Tongass National…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Grade 4 • 4m
EO 9058 Feb 12, 1942
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 9058—Extension of the Provisions of Executive Order No. 9001 of December 27, 1941, to Contracts of the Tennessee Valley Authority
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
I hereby extend the provisions of Executive Order No. 9001 of December 27, 1941, to the Tennessee Valley Authority with respect to all contracts made or to be made by it; and subject to the limitations and regulations contained in such Executive order, I hereby authorize the…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 9057 Feb 11, 1942
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 9057—Amending Regulations Concerning Foreign Service Pay Adjustment
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
The list of basic rates of exchange established by section 4 of Executive Order No. 7972 of September 15, 1938, as amended, prescribing regulations for the payment of losses sustained by officers, enlisted men, and employees of the United States in foreign countries on account…
Franklin D. Roosevelt High School • 1m
EO 9056 Feb 10, 1942
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 9056—Exemption of August G. Ahlfont From Compulsory Retirement for Age
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
I hereby exempt the said August G. Ahlfont from compulsory retirement for age for a period of one year ending March 31, 1943.
Franklin D. Roosevelt High School • 1m
EO 9055 Feb 10, 1942
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 9055—Extension of the Provisions of Executive Order No. 9001 of December 27, 1941, to Contracts of the Interior Department
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
I hereby extend the provisions of Executive Order No. 9001 of December 27, 1941, to the Department of the Interior, with respect to all contracts made or to be made by that Department; and subject to the limitations and regulations contained in such Executive Order, I hereby…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
📜
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 9060 (Feb. 12, 1942), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-9060-including-certain-lands-the-fremont-national-forest.
