By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States by the Constitution and laws of the United States, and in consonance with the provisions relating to the Division of Central Administrative Services of the Office for Emergency Management contained in the National War Agency Appropriation Act, 1945, approved June 28, 1944 (Public Law 372—78th Congress), it is hereby ordered as follows: 1. The Division of Central Administrative Services of the Office for Emergency Management (hereinafter referred to as the Division) shall be terminated, and its functions shall be discontinued or transferred to the constituent agencies of the Office for Emergency Management and other appropriate Federal agencies, as hereinafter provided: a. The Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall make an administrative determination with respect to the disposition to be made of each function of the Division, and shall order the transfer of each such function (except the functions of acquiring and disposing of property vested in the Division by Executive Order No. 9211 of August 1, 1942) to such Federal agency or agencies as he may designate, or, in appropriate circumstances, shall order the discontinuance of any such function. b. The Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall make such other administrative determinations as may be required in carrying out the purposes of this order, including determinations with respect to the time, conditions, and manner of the transfer or discontinuance of functions and of the termination of the Division. c. So much of the personnel, records, property (including contracts and rights), funds, and obligations of the Division as the Director may determine shall be transferred to the respective agencies to which functions are transferred pursuant to this order. Any personnel, records, property (including contracts and rights), funds, and obligations not so transferred shall, subject to the determination of the Civil Service Commission in the case of personnel, and of the Director in the other cases, be otherwise transferred or disposed of in such manner as is provided by law or executive order. 2. All prior executive orders and letters of the President (including letters of February 28, 1941, and July 29, 1943) in conflict with this order are modified to the extent of such conflict. FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT The White House, August 25, 1944.
Executive Order 9471 ⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
Executive Order 9471—Disposition of the Functions and Termination of the Division of Central Administrative Services of the Office for Emergency Management
Executive Brief • At a Glance
⏱️ 2 min read (381 words) •
● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate
The Division of Central Administrative Services of the Office for Emergency Management (hereinafter referred to as the Division) shall be terminated, and its functions shall be discontinued or transferred to the constituent agencies of the Office for Emergency Management and other appropriate Federal agencies, as hereinafter provided: a.
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight
Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants Private Citizens & Property Owners
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 25, 1944, this order concerns Disposition of the Functions and Termination of the Division of Central Administrative Services of the Office for Emergency Management. The Division of Central Administrative Services of the Office for Emergency Management (hereinafter referred to as the Division) shall be terminated, and its functions shall be discontinued or transferred to the constituent agencies of the Office for Emergency Management and other appropriate Federal agencies, as hereinafter provided: a.
Constitutional Assessment: Scrutinized through Article II, Section 2, this action exercises the President's constitutional role as Commander in Chief. Early Framers recognized broad executive discretion in commanding military forces during conflict, provided it remains bounded by congressional declarations and respects civilian domestic courts.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
▪
The Division of Central Administrative Services of the Office for Emergency Management (hereinafter referred to as the Division) shall be terminated, and its functions shall be discontinued or transferred to the constituent agencies of the Office for Emergency Management and other appropriate Federal agencies, as hereinafter provided: a.
▪
The Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall make an administrative determination with respect to the disposition to be made of each function of the Division, and shall order the transfer of each such function (except the functions of acquiring and disposing of property vested in the Division by Executive Order No. 9211 of August 1, 1942) to such Federal agency or agencies as he may designate, or, in appropriate circumstances, shall order the discontinuance of any such function. b.
▪
So much of the personnel, records, property (including contracts and rights), funds, and obligations of the Division as the Director may determine shall be transferred to the respective agencies to which functions are transferred pursuant to this order.
▪
Any personnel, records, property (including contracts and rights), funds, and obligations not so transferred shall, subject to the determination of the Civil Service Commission in the case of personnel, and of the Director in the other cases, be otherwise transferred or disposed of in such manner as is provided by law or executive order. 2.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
🏛️ Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants
🏛️ Private Citizens & Property Owners
Policy Areas & Topics
🏛️
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight)
§
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
JM
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Madisonian Stance: Vigilant / Cautionary
AH
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"The direction of war implies the direction of the common strength; and the power of directing and employing the common strength must be under the direction of the single hand of the Executive." — Federalist No. 74 (1788)
Hamilton would forcefully champion executive discretion here. For foreign entanglements, commerce defense, and national security, deliberative assemblies are too slow and faction-ridden. A unified, energetic Executive exercising swift command is precisely what the Philadelphia Convention intended for national preservation.
Hamiltonian Stance: Strong Prerogative Support
GM
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
📐
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
⚖️ Discretionary Twilight Zone
43 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8
Moderate Friction
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3
Moderate Friction
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Directs internal executive branch machinery, agency workflows, and federal personnel.
Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment
Moderate Friction
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments
Low Friction
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers
Moderate Friction
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
Benchmark: Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
⚖️
Audit Synthesis
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
381
2,404 characters
Estimated Read Time
2 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
21.7
Post-Graduate Legal
Text size:
Related Executive Orders
1 order cited directly in this text, plus related actions from this administration.
EO 9211 Aug 1, 1942
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 9211—Authorizing the Division of Central Administrative Services in the Office for Emergency Management, Executive Office of the President, To Acquire and Dispose of Property
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
The Division of Central Administrative Services in the Office for Emergency Management, Executive Office of the President, is hereby authorized to exercise the authority contained in the said Title II of the Second War Powers Act, 1942, to acquire, use, or dispose of any…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 9470 Aug 25, 1944
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 9470—Establishing a Method of Determining the Amounts of Bonds of Collectors of Customs
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
The amount of the bond of a collector of customs shall be not less than ten per centum, as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, of the average monthly collections of the respective customs district for the fiscal year next preceding that in which the bond is given…
Franklin D. Roosevelt College Level • 1m
EO 9469 Aug 23, 1944
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 9469—Authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to Take Possession of and Operate the Mines, Collieries, and Facilities of the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company in the State of Pennsylvania
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
The Secretary of the Interior is authorized and directed to take possession of the mines, collieries, and preparation facilities of the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company in the State of Pennsylvania, and of any real or personal property, and other assets, used in…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 3m
EO 9468 Aug 22, 1944
⚖️⚠️ Zone 3 (Lowest Ebb) Friction (-0.19)
Executive Order 9468—Transfer of Certain Personnel Among the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the War and Navy Departments
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief / War Prerogative Tension
Commissioned officers of the Coast and Geodetic Survey transferred to the service and jurisdiction of the War or Navy Department are hereby authorized to be returned to the service and jurisdiction of the Coast and Geodetic Survey when so directed by the Secretary of War or the…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 9473 Aug 29, 1944
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 9473—Authorizing the Secretary of War to Take Possession of and Operate the Plants and Facilities of the International Nickel Company, Inc., Located in and Around Huntington, West Virginia
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
It is hereby directed as follows: 1. The Secretary of War is hereby authorized and directed, through and with the aid of any persons or instrumentalities that he may designate, to take possession of the plants and facilities of The International Nickel Company, Inc., located in…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 3m
EO 9472 Aug 29, 1944
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Fidelity (+0.33)
Executive Order 9472—Establishing Certain Awards for the Merchant Marine
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
1. (a) The Administrator of the War Shipping Administration, hereinafter referred to as the Administrator, is hereby authorized to issue a citation as public evidence of deserved honor and distinction to any United States ship or to any foreign ship operated by or for the…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 3m
📜
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 9471 (Aug. 25, 1944), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-9471-disposition-the-functions-and-termination-the-division-central.
