By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and statutes of the United States, and as President of the United States, it is ordered as follows: SECTION 1. Establishment of the Council. (a) There is hereby established the Council for Urban Affairs (hereinafter referred to as "the Council"). (b) The President of the United States shall preside over meetings of the Council. The Vice President shall preside in the absence of the President. (c) The Council shall be composed of the following: The Vice President of the United States The Attorney General Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of Commerce Secretary of Labor Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Secretary of Transportation and such other heads of departments and agencies as the President may from time to time direct. SEC. 2. Functions of the Council. The Council shall advise and assist the President with respect to urban affairs and shall perform such other duties as the President may from time to time prescribe. In addition to such duties, the Council is directed to: (1) Assist the President in the development of a national urban policy, having regard both to immediate and to long-range concerns, and to priorities among them. (2) Promote the coordination of Federal programs in urban areas. (3) Encourage the fullest cooperation between Federal, State, and city governments, with special concern for the maintenance of local initiative and local decision making. (4) Ensure that policies concerning urban affairs shall extend to the relations of urban, suburban, and rural areas, to programs affecting them, and to the movement of population between them. (5) Seek constant improvement in the actual delivery of public services to citizens. (6) Foster the decentralization of government with the object that program responsibilities will be vested to the greatest possible extent in state and local government. (7) Encourage the most effective role possible for voluntary organizations in dealing with urban concerns. (8) Meet with and advise the President on the occasion of emergency situations, or conditions threatening the maintenance of civil order or civil rights. SEC. 3. Administrative Arrangements. (a) A person designated by the President shall serve as Executive Secretary of the Council. The Executive Secretary shall perform such duties as the President may from time to time direct. (b) In compliance with provisions of applicable law, and as necessary to effectuate the purposes of this order, (1) the White House Office shall provide or arrange for supporting clerical administrative and other staff services for the Council, and (2) each Federal department and agency which is represented on the Council shall furnish the Council such information and other assistance as may be available. SEC. 4. Construction. Nothing in this order shall be construed as subjecting any department, establishment, or other instrumentality of the executive branch of the Federal Government or the head thereof, or any function vested by law in or assigned pursuant to law to any such agency or head, to the authority of any other such agency or head or as abrogating, modifying, or restricting any such function in any manner. RICHARD NIXON The White House January 23, 1969
Executive Order 11452—Establishing the Council for Urban Affairs
Executive Brief • At a Glance
There is hereby established the Council for Urban Affairs (hereinafter referred to as "the Council").
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Richard Nixon on January 23, 1969, this order concerns Establishing the Council for Urban Affairs. Establishment of the Council. (a) There is hereby established the Council for Urban Affairs (hereinafter referred to as "the Council"). (b) The President of the United States shall preside over meetings of the Council. The Vice President shall preside in the absence of the President.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
There is hereby established the Council for Urban Affairs (hereinafter referred to as "the Council").
The President of the United States shall preside over meetings of the Council.
The Vice President shall preside in the absence of the President.
The Council shall be composed of the following: The Vice President of the United States The Attorney General Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of Commerce Secretary of Labor Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Secretary of Transportation and such other heads of departments and agencies as the President may from time to time direct.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
Policy Areas & Topics
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)
Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." — 10th Amendment to the US Constitution (1791)
Mason would scrutinize whether this federal directive intrudes into police powers, land stewardship, or municipal domains historically reserved to local citizens. The Anti-Federalist demand is that federal administration must never supplant state self-governance.
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Operates within delegated statutory execution without modifying legislative appropriations or taxing powers.
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Due Process & Individual Rights
Applies regulatory or compliance standards to private contractors or commercial entities.
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.
This order operates in close harmony with statutory authority and standard Article II supervisory execution.
Referenced By Later Executive Orders (2)
Subsequent presidents who cited, amended, continued, or revoked this directive in later orders.
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 11,452 (Jan. 23, 1969), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-11452-establishing-the-council-for-urban-affairs.