By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution of the United States of America, in accordance with the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App. I) and the United Nations General Assembly resolution of December 21, 1976 which designated the year 1979 as the International Year of the Child, and as President of the United States of America, in order to provide for the observance of the International Year of the Child within the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows: SECTION 1. Establishment of Commission. (a) There is hereby established the National Commission on the International Year of the Child, 1979, hereinafter referred to as the Commission. (b) The Commission shall be composed of not more than 25 persons appointed by the President from among citizens in private life. The President shall designate the Chairman and two Vice Chairmen. (c) The President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives are invited to designate two Members of each House to serve on the Commission. SEC. 2. Functions of the Commission. (a) The Commission shall plan for and promote the national observance in the United States of the year 1979 as the International Year of the Child. The Commission shall coordinate its efforts with local, State, national, and international organizations, including the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). (b) In promoting this observance, the Commission shall foster within the United States a better understanding of the special needs of children. In particular, the Commission shall give special attention to the health, education, social environment, physical and emotional development, and legal rights and needs of children that are unique to them as children. (c) The Commission shall keep informed of activities by organizations and groups in the United States and abroad in observance of the Year. The Commission shall consult with, and stimulate activities and programs through, community, civic, State, regional, national Federal and international organizations. (d) The Commission may conduct studies, inquiries, hearings and meetings as it deems necessary. It may assemble and disseminate information, issue reports and other publications. It may also coordinate, sponsor, or oversee projects, studies, events and other activities that it deems necessary or desirable for the observance of 1979 as the International Year of the Child. (e) The Commission shall make recommendations to the President on national policies for improving the well-being of children; shall issue periodic reports on discrete areas of the rights and needs of children; and shall submit, no later than November 30, 1978, an interim report to the President on its work and tentative recommendations. SEC. 3. Resources, Assistance, and Cooperation. (a) The Commission may establish subcommittees. Private citizens who are not members of the Commission may be included as members of subcommittees. (b) The Commission may request any Executive agency to furnish such information, advice, services, and funds as may be useful for the fulfillment of the Commission's functions under this order. Each such agency is authorized, to the extent permitted by law and within the limits of available funds, to furnish such information, advice, services, and funds to the Commission upon request of the Chairman of the Commission. (c) The Commission is authorized to appoint and fix the compensation of a staff and such other persons as may be necessary to enable it to carry out its functions. The Commission may obtain services in accordance with the provisions of Section 3109 of Title 5 of the United States Code, to the extent funds are available therefore. (d) Each member of the Commission and its subcommittees may receive, to the extent permitted by law, compensation for each day he or she is engaged officially in meetings of the Commission or its subcommittees at a rate not to exceed the daily rate now or hereafter prescribed by law for GS-15 of the General Schedule; and, may also receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by law (5 U.S.C. 5702 and 5703) for persons in the government service employed intermittently. SEC. 4. Coordination. (a) The heads of Executive agencies shall designate an agency representative for purposes of coordinating agency support for the national observance of the International Year of the Child, 1979. The Co-Chairmen, designated by the Secretaries of State and Health, Education, and Welfare, of the Interagency Committee for the International Year of the Child should act as advisers to, and coordinate activities with, the Chairman of the Commission. (b) The General Services Administration shall provide administrators services, facilities, and support to the Commission on a reimbursable basis. (c) The functions of the President under the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App. I), except that of reporting annually to the Congress, which are applicable to the Commission, shall be performed by the Administrator of General Services as provided by Executive Order No. 12024 of December 1, 1977. SEC. 5. Final Report and Termination. The Commission shall conclude its work and submit a final report to the President, including its recommendations for improving the well-being of children, at least 30 days prior to its termination. The Commission shall terminate on April 1, 1979. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 14, 1978. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 12:07 p.m., April 14, 1978]
Executive Order 12053—National Commission on the International Year of the Child, 1979
Executive Brief • At a Glance
There is hereby established the National Commission on the International Year of the Child, 1979, hereinafter referred to as the Commission.
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Jimmy Carter on April 14, 1978, this order concerns National Commission on the International Year of the Child, 1979. Establishment of Commission. (a) There is hereby established the National Commission on the International Year of the Child, 1979, hereinafter referred to as the Commission. (b) The Commission shall be composed of not more than 25 persons appointed by the President from among citizens in private life. The President shall designate the Chairman and two Vice Chairmen.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
There is hereby established the National Commission on the International Year of the Child, 1979, hereinafter referred to as the Commission.
The Commission shall be composed of not more than 25 persons appointed by the President from among citizens in private life.
The President shall designate the Chairman and two Vice Chairmen.
The President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives are invited to designate two Members of each House to serve on the Commission.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
Policy Areas & Topics
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)
Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The purse and the sword ought never to be in the same hands... nor the liberties of the citizen placed at the pleasure of a single magistrate." — Virginia Ratifying Convention (1788)
George Mason and the Anti-Federalists would sound a fierce warning. They feared that Article II would inevitably evolve into an elective monarchy. When an executive order impacts private rights, property, or civil liberties without individualized judicial process, Mason would see their darkest predictions verified.
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Directs internal executive branch machinery, agency workflows, and federal personnel.
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Creates friction with the Tenth Amendment by conditioning state grants, mandating local compliance, or preempting state police powers.
Due Process & Individual Rights
Applies regulatory or compliance standards to private contractors or commercial entities.
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 12,053 (Apr. 14, 1978), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-12053-national-commission-the-international-year-the-child-1979.