Executive Order 12189 Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)

Executive Order 12189—Price Controls on Heavy Crude Oil

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Wednesday, January 16, 1980

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2 min read (324 words)

Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis

Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.

This executive order, signed by President Jimmy Carter on 1980-01-16, establishes federal administrative policy concerning "Price Controls on Heavy Crude Oil." It outlines operative directives for executive department officers, delegating enforcement responsibilities and establishing official governance guidelines.

Constitutional Assessment: Evaluated against the Fifth Amendment, this action touches upon property or economic rights. An early statesman would insist upon strict adherence to due process of law and the constitutional guarantee that private holdings shall not be encumbered or taken for public purposes without just compensation and lawful process.

Key Directives & Operative Actions

▪ DEFINITION OF HEAVY OIL By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973, as amended (15 U.S.C.

▪ 12153 of August 17, 1979, as amended by Executive Order No.

▪ 12186 of December 21, 1979, is amended to read as follows: "1-101.

▪ Prices charged in the first sale of heavy crude oil are exempted from price controls adopted pursuant to the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973, as amended.

Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted

🏛️ Executive Branch Departments 🏛️ General Body of the People

Total Words

324

1,871 characters

Estimated Read Time

2 min

@ 200 words / min

Flesch-Kincaid

10.5

Post-Grad reading level

Constitutional Polarity

+0.02

Framers' Alignment index

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Scholarly & Legal Citations

Exec. Order No. 12189, Jimmy Carter (Jan 16, 1980). Available at https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-12189-price-controls-heavy-crude-oil.

Official Document Text

Source: The American Presidency Project (UCSB Archive)

Original Source →

DEFINITION OF HEAVY OIL By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973, as amended (15 U.S.C. 751 et seq.), and in order to provide that certain oil is exempt from price controls on and after August 17, 1979, and that other oil is exempt on and after December 21, 1979, it is hereby ordered that Executive Order No. 12153 of August 17, 1979, as amended by Executive Order No. 12186 of December 21, 1979, is amended to read as follows: "1-101. Prices charged in the first sale of heavy crude oil are exempted from price controls adopted pursuant to the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973, as amended. This exemption shall only apply to heavy crude oil as it is defined, and for the time period to which the definition is applicable, as set forth in this Order.". "1-102. Effective August 17, 1979 through December 20, 1979, "heavy crude oil' means all crude oil produced from a property, but only if, during the last month prior to July 1979 in which crude oil was produced and sold from that property, such crude oil had a weighted average gravity of 16.0° API or less, corrected to 60° Fahrenheit.". "1-103. Effective December 21, 1979 and thereafter, 'heavy crude oil' means all crude oil produced from a property, but only if, during the last month prior to July 1979 in which crude oil was produced and sold from that property, such crude oil had a weighted average gravity of 20.0° API or less, corrected to 60° Fahrenheit.". "1-104. The Secretary of Energy may, pursuant to Executive Order No. 11790, as amended by Executive Order No. 12038, adopt such regulations as he deems necessary to implement this Order.". Jimmy CARTER The White House, January 16, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 3:16 p.m., January 16, 1980]