It Appearing that paragraph 2, schedule A, of the agreement entered into by the President of the United States and the code committee of the Cordage and Twine Industry, approved by Executive order of July 27, 1933, was executed as part of a measure intended to be purely temporary and without opportunity for full consideration of existing conditions in the industry; and It Further Appearing that in the ordinary routine the adoption of a permanent code for the above industry may be delayed; and It Further Appearing that said paragraph did not, at the time of its adoption, express the true intent of the parties to said agreement; Now, Therefore , pursuant to the authority vested in me by title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, and pursuant to the authority vested in me by the above-described agreement with the Cordage and Twine Industry through its code committee: I agree with the code committee representing the Cordage Institute, the recognized trade association for the Cordage and Twine Industry of America, that the above agreement approved by me July 27, 1933, shall be modified in the following particulars: In place of paragraph 2, schedule A, of the said agreement there shall be inserted the following provision: "Every employer in the industry shall increase the rate of pay of all employees paid either by the hour or piece (if not already increased) and shall increase the rate of pay of all employees paid by the day, week or month now receiving less than thirty-five (35) dollars per week (if not already increased) to not less than 90% of the rates paid by said employer or his predecessor in business for the same class of work at the same place of business in June, 1929, provided that no employee shall be paid less than the minimum fixed in this code. In the event any place of business did not have a rate for a particular class of work in June, 1929, the prevailing rate for the same class of work in the competitive district in which the present place of business is located shall govern the application of this provision." Pending the hearing and approval of a permanent code for said industry the above agreement approved July 27, 1933, shall remain in full force and effect except as hereinabove modified. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT Approval recommended: Hugh S. Johnson. Administrator. The White House, October 20, 1933.
Executive Order 6348—Modifying Agreement Approved July 27, 1933, Between the President of the United States and the Code Committee of the Cordage and Twine Industry
Executive Brief • At a Glance
It Appearing that paragraph 2, schedule A, of the agreement entered into by the President of the United States and the code committee of the Cordage and Twine Industry, approved by Executive order of July 27, 1933, was executed as part of a measure intended to be purely temporary and without opportunity for full consideration of existing conditions in the industry; and It Further Appearing that in the ordinary routine the adoption of a permanent code for the above industry may be delayed; and It Further Appearing that said paragraph did not, at the time of its adoption, express the true intent of the parties to said agreement; Now, Therefore , pursuant to the authority vested in me by title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act…
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on October 20, 1933, this order concerns Modifying Agreement Approved July 27, 1933, Between the President of the United States and the Code Committee of the Cordage and Twine Industry. It Appearing that paragraph 2, schedule A, of the agreement entered into by the President of the United States and the code committee of the Cordage and Twine Industry, approved by Executive order of July 27, 1933, was executed as part of a measure intended to be purely temporary and without opportunity for full consideration of existing conditions in the industry; and It Further Appearing that in the ordinary…
Key Directives & Operative Actions
It Appearing that paragraph 2, schedule A, of the agreement entered into by the President of the United States and the code committee of the Cordage and Twine Industry, approved by Executive order of July 27, 1933, was executed as part of a measure intended to be purely temporary and without opportunity for full consideration of existing conditions in the industry; and It Further Appearing that in the ordinary routine the adoption of a permanent code for the above industry may be delayed; and It Further Appearing that said paragraph did not, at the time of its adoption, express the true intent of the parties to said agreement; Now, Therefore , pursuant to the authority vested in me by title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act…
In the event any place of business did not have a rate for a particular class of work in June, 1929, the prevailing rate for the same class of work in the competitive district in which the present place of business is located shall govern the application of this provision." Pending the hearing and approval of a permanent code for said industry the above agreement approved July 27, 1933, shall remain in full force and effect except as hereinabove modified.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
Policy Areas & Topics
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Operates within delegated statutory execution without modifying legislative appropriations or taxing powers.
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Due Process & Individual Rights
Applies regulatory or compliance standards to private contractors or commercial entities.
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 6348 (Oct. 20, 1933), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-6348-modifying-agreement-approved-july-27-1933-between-the-president-the.