By virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by the Act of Congress approved May 22, 1918 (40 Stat. 559), as extended by the Act of Congress of March 2, 1921 (41 Stat. 1205-17), I hereby prescribe the following documentary requirements for aliens desiring admission into the Philippine Islands. The provisions of this Order shall be applicable to Chinese except as may be otherwise provided by special laws and regulations governing the entry of such aliens. I 1. All aliens coming to the Philippine Islands must present unexpired passports or official documents in the nature of passports issued by the governments of the countries to which they owe allegiance or other travel documents showing their origin and identity, prescribed in regulations issued by the Secretary of State, and valid passport visas or, in lieu of passport visas, if passing in transit through the Philippine Islands to a foreign destination, transit certificates granted by authorized officers of the United States, except in the following cases: (a) An alien who is a through passenger on a vessel touching at a port of the Philippine Islands, landing temporarily while the vessel is in port. (b) An alien seaman serving on a vessel of any nationality touching at a port of the Philippine Islands. (Masters of vessels are not required to present visaed crew lists for the Philippine Islands.) (c) An alien arriving in the Philippine Islands in transit to the United States or to another Ameiican possession. (Such an alien, however, may be required to exhibit those documents necessary for his entry into the United States or the other possession to which he is proceeding.) 2. The Governor General is authorized in his discretion to waive the passport and visa requirements for aliens in the following categories: (a) An alien lawfully resident in the Philippine Islands who is returning from a temporary visit abroad. (b) An alien child born subsequent to the issuance of the visa or transit certificate of an accompanying parent, the visa or transit certificate not having expired. (c) An alien child born during the temporary visit abroad of a mother who is a citizen of the United States or of the Philippine Islands or of an alien mother lawfully resident in the Philippine Islands. (d) An alien who applies for temporary admission, in cases of emergency. 3. No passport visa or transit certificate shall be granted to an alien whose entry would be contrary to the public safety. II The Executive Secretary of the Panama Canal is hereby authorized to issue passport visas and transit certificates to aliens going to the Philippine Islands from the Canal Zone; the Governor of American Samoa is hereby authorized to issue passport visas and transit certificates to aliens going to the Philippine Islands from American Samoa; and the Governor of Guam is hereby authorized to issue passport visas and transit certificates to aliens going to the Philippine Islands from Guam. This order shall take effect immediately and shall supersede the provisions of Executive Order No. 5869 of June 30, 1932, entitled "Documents Required of Aliens Entering the United States," so far as they govern aliens entering the Philippine Islands. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT The White House, March 9, 1935.
Executive Order 6987—Documents Required of Aliens Entering the Philippine Islands
Executive Brief • At a Glance
I hereby prescribe the following documentary requirements for aliens desiring admission into the Philippine Islands.
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 9, 1935, this order concerns Documents Required of Aliens Entering the Philippine Islands. I hereby prescribe the following documentary requirements for aliens desiring admission into the Philippine Islands. The provisions of this Order shall be applicable to Chinese except as may be otherwise provided by special laws and regulations governing the entry of such aliens. I 1.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
I hereby prescribe the following documentary requirements for aliens desiring admission into the Philippine Islands.
The provisions of this Order shall be applicable to Chinese except as may be otherwise provided by special laws and regulations governing the entry of such aliens.
All aliens coming to the Philippine Islands must present unexpired passports or official documents in the nature of passports issued by the governments of the countries to which they owe allegiance or other travel documents showing their origin and identity, prescribed in regulations issued by the Secretary of State, and valid passport visas or, in lieu of passport visas, if passing in transit through the Philippine Islands to a foreign destination, transit certificates granted by authorized officers of the United States, except in the following cases: (a) An alien who is a through passenger on a vessel touching at a port of the Philippine Islands, landing temporarily while the vessel is in port.
The Governor General is authorized in his discretion to waive the passport and visa requirements for aliens in the following categories: (a) An alien lawfully resident in the Philippine Islands who is returning from a temporary visit abroad.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
Policy Areas & Topics
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)
Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." — 10th Amendment to the US Constitution (1791)
Mason would scrutinize whether this federal directive intrudes into police powers, land stewardship, or municipal domains historically reserved to local citizens. The Anti-Federalist demand is that federal administration must never supplant state self-governance.
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Due Process & Individual Rights
Applies regulatory or compliance standards to private contractors or commercial entities.
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Referenced By Later Executive Orders (1)
Subsequent presidents who cited, amended, continued, or revoked this directive in later orders.
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 6987 (Mar. 9, 1935), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-6987-documents-required-aliens-entering-the-philippine-islands.