By virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act of June 16, 1933 (ch. 90, 48 Stat. 195), Executive Order No. 6182 of June 26, 1933 (as amended by Executive Orders Nos. 6345 and 6551, dated October 20, 1933, and January 8, 1934, respectively), delegating to the Secretary of Agriculture certain of the powers vested in me by said Title, is hereby amended as follows: All the functions and powers heretofore delegated by said Executive Order No. 6182, as amended, to the Secret ary of Agriculture with respect to Codes of Fair Competition for (1) the Wheat Flour Milling Industry, (2) the Feed Manufacturing Industry, (3) the Country Grain Elevator Industry of the United States, (4) the Malt Industry, and (5) the Southern Rice Milling Industry (including all functions and powers delegated to the Secretary of Agriculture under the provisions of the said Codes of Fair Competition and of the Executive Orders approving said Codes of Fair Competition), are hereby transferred and delegated to the National Industrial Recovery Board except as follows: I. The functions and powers transferred and delegated with respect to said Codes of Fair Competition shall not, without the written approval of the Secretary of Agriculture, be exercised through the fixation or control of: (1) Prices in connection with the purchase of agricultural commodities from producers and the subsequent sale or disposition by first processors of the first processed articles. (2) Brokerage fees involved in the purchase of agricultural commodities from producers and the subsequent sale or disposition by first processors of the first processed articles. (3) Credits and financial charges with reference to agricultural products. (4) Commission rates in connection with the purchase of agricultural commodities from the producers and the subsequent sale or disposition by first processors of the first processed articles. (5) Purchasing arrangements with regard to agricultural commodities in their original form. (6) Marketing quotas in connection with the purchase of agricultural commodities from producers and the subsequent sale or disposition by first processors of the first processed articles. (7) Plant capacity or its allocation. This limitation upon the functions and powers transferred and delegated is established in order that such subject matters may be dealt with by the Secretary of Agriculture under subsections (2) and (3) of section 8 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act without conflicting with the exercise of such functions and powers by the National Industrial Recovery Board. II. The Secretary of Agriculture shall continue to have the authority with respect to the said Codes of Fair Competition to appoint a representative or representatives as a member or members of the Code Authority as provided by the said Codes. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT The White House, March 30, 1935.
Executive Order 6999 ⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
Executive Order 6999—Amendment of Executive Order No. 6182 of June 26, 1933 (As Amended by Executive Orders Nos. 6345 and 6551)
Executive Brief • At a Glance
⏱️ 2 min read (459 words) •
● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate
Executive Order No. 6182 of June 26, 1933 (as amended by Executive Orders Nos. 6345 and 6551, dated October 20, 1933, and January 8, 1934, respectively), delegating to the Secretary of Agriculture certain of the powers vested in me by said Title, is hereby amended as follows: All the functions and powers heretofore delegated by said Executive Order No. 6182, as amended, to the Secret ary of Agriculture with respect to Codes of Fair Competition for (1) the Wheat Flour Milling Industry, (2) the Feed Manufacturing Industry, (3) the Country Grain Elevator Industry of the United States, (4) the Malt Industry, and (5) the Southern Rice Milling Industry (including all functions and powers delegated to the Secretary of Agriculture under the…
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight
Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Executive Branch Departments General Body of the People
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 30, 1935, this order concerns Amendment of Executive Order No. 6182 of June 26, 1933 (As Amended by Executive Orders Nos. 6345 and 6551). Executive Order No. 6182 of June 26, 1933 (as amended by Executive Orders Nos. 6345 and 6551, dated October 20, 1933, and January 8, 1934, respectively), delegating to the Secretary of Agriculture certain of the powers vested in me by said Title, is hereby amended as follows: All the functions and powers heretofore delegated by said Executive Order No. 6182, as amended, to the Secret ary of Agriculture with respect…
Constitutional Assessment: This action represents an orderly exercise of Article II administrative discretion, managing the internal machinery and personnel of the executive branch without abridging the ancient liberties of the people.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
▪
Executive Order No. 6182 of June 26, 1933 (as amended by Executive Orders Nos. 6345 and 6551, dated October 20, 1933, and January 8, 1934, respectively), delegating to the Secretary of Agriculture certain of the powers vested in me by said Title, is hereby amended as follows: All the functions and powers heretofore delegated by said Executive Order No. 6182, as amended, to the Secret ary of Agriculture with respect to Codes of Fair Competition for (1) the Wheat Flour Milling Industry, (2) the Feed Manufacturing Industry, (3) the Country Grain Elevator Industry of the United States, (4) the Malt Industry, and (5) the Southern Rice Milling Industry (including all functions and powers delegated to the Secretary of Agriculture under the…
▪
This limitation upon the functions and powers transferred and delegated is established in order that such subject matters may be dealt with by the Secretary of Agriculture under subsections (2) and (3) of section 8 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act without conflicting with the exercise of such functions and powers by the National Industrial Recovery Board.
▪
The Secretary of Agriculture shall continue to have the authority with respect to the said Codes of Fair Competition to appoint a representative or representatives as a member or members of the Code Authority as provided by the said Codes.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
🏛️ Executive Branch Departments
🏛️ General Body of the People
Policy Areas & Topics
🏛️
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight)
§
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
JM
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Madisonian Stance: Vigilant / Cautionary
AH
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
Hamiltonian Stance: Defends Vigor & Dispatch
GM
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
📐
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
⚖️ Discretionary Twilight Zone
30 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8
Low Friction
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Operates within delegated statutory execution without modifying legislative appropriations or taxing powers.
Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3
Low Friction
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment
Moderate Friction
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments
Low Friction
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers
Moderate Friction
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
Benchmark: Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
⚖️
Audit Synthesis
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
459
2,932 characters
Estimated Read Time
2 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
16.9
Post-Graduate Legal
Text size:
Related Executive Orders
1 order cited directly in this text, plus related actions from this administration.
EO 6182 Jun 26, 1933
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 6182—Delegation of Certain Functions and Powers Under the National Industrial Recovery Act to the Secretary of Agriculture
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
I hereby delegate to the Secretary of Agriculture all the functions and powers (other than the determination and administration of provisions relating to hours of labor, rates of pay, and other conditions of employment) vested in me by said Title I of said Act with respect to…
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EO 6998 Mar 30, 1935
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral
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📜 10th Amend: Intergovernmental Federalism Cooperation
Further exempt Harry O. Bailey from the provisions thereof and continue him in the service until April 1, 1937.
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EO 6997 Mar 25, 1935
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 6997—Prescribing Regulations Governing the Manufacture, Importation, and Sale of Alcoholic Beverages in the Canal Zone
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
I hereby prescribe the following regulations governing the sale, manufacture, and importation of alcoholic beverages in the Canal Zone: 1. From and after the date of this order it shall be unlawful in the Canal Zone to sell or import any alcoholic beverage except as provided…
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⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
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📜 Art. II §3: Administrative Management & Civil Service
Mrs. Mattie Lowe Sartor may be appointed a clerk in the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Post Office, without compliance with the requirements of the civil-service rules.
Franklin D. Roosevelt High School • 1m
EO 7001 Apr 5, 1935
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 7001—Extension of Trust Periods on Allotments Made to Indians of the Crow Reservation, Montana
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
The periods of trust on allotments made to Indians of the Crow Reservation, Montana, which, unless extended, will expire during the calendar year 1935, be, and they are hereby, extended for a further period of 10 years from the date on which any such trust would otherwise…
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EO 7000 Apr 5, 1935
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 7000—Amending Code of Fair Competition for the Distilled Spirits Industry
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
I hereby approve said amendments and modify my previous approval of the Code of Fair Competition for the Distilled Spirits Industry to include an approval of said Code in its entirety as hereby amended.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
📜
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 6999 (Mar. 30, 1935), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-6999-amendment-executive-order-no-6182-june-26-1933-amended-executive.
