Executive Order No. 7195, of September 26, 1935, including in the competitive classified civil service the positions of junior assistant to technician in the administration of the Civilian Conservation Corps, is hereby amended to read as follows: "By virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by the act of March 31, 1933, 48 Stat. 22, the Civil Service Act of January 16, 1883 (22 Stat. 403, 404), and section 1753 of the Revised Statutes (5 U.S.C., sec. 631), it is ordered that the positions of junior assistant to technician in the administration of the Civilian Conservation Corps be, and they are hereby, included in the competitive classified civil service, with the proviso that the initial examination to be held by the Civil Service Commission for each Civilian Conservation Corps camp shall be limited to enrollees of the Civilian Conservation Corps; and with the further proviso that the incumbents on the date of this order of positions the duties of which correspond to those performed by junior assistants to technician may acquire a status for appointment to positions of junior assistant to technician by passing an appropriate noncompetitive examination to be prescribed by the United States Civil Service Commission. Hereafter all appointments to these positions shall be made in accordance with the civil-service rules. Persons who now hold these positions and who fail to qualify for retention as a result of the noncompetitive or open competitive examination provided for herein, shall be replaced within 60 days from the date of the establishment of. the Commission's list of eligibles. "Paragraph (4) of Executive Order No. 6126, of May 8, 1933, is hereby revoked insofar as, and to the extent that, it is in conflict with this order." FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT The White House, November 9, 1935.
Executive Order 7223 ⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)
📜 Art. II §3: Administrative Management & Civil Service
Executive Order 7223—Amendment of Executive Order No. 7195, of September 26, 1935, Including in the Competitive Classified Civil Service the Positions of Junior Assistant to Technician in the Administration of the Civilian Conservation Corps
Executive Brief • At a Glance
⏱️ 1 min read (297 words) •
● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate
The positions of junior assistant to technician in the administration of the Civilian Conservation Corps be, and they are hereby, included in the competitive classified civil service, with the proviso that the initial examination to be held by the Civil Service Commission for each Civilian Conservation Corps camp shall be limited to enrollees of the Civilian Conservation Corps; and with the further proviso that the incumbents on the date of this order of positions the duties of which correspond to those performed by junior assistants to technician may acquire a status for appointment to positions of junior assistant to technician by passing an appropriate noncompetitive examination to be prescribed by the United States Civil Service…
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight
Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
📜 Art. II §3: Administrative Management & Civil Service
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Merchants, Importers & Commercial Enterprises Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on November 9, 1935, this order concerns Amendment of Executive Order No. 7195, of September 26, 1935, Including in the Competitive Classified Civil Service the Positions of Junior Assistant to Technician in the Administration of the Civilian Conservation Corps. The positions of junior assistant to technician in the administration of the Civilian Conservation Corps be, and they are hereby, included in the competitive classified civil service, with the proviso that the initial examination to be held by the Civil Service Commission for each Civilian Conservation Corps camp shall be limited to enrollees of the Civilian Conservation Corps; and with the further proviso that the…
Constitutional Assessment: This action represents an orderly exercise of Article II administrative discretion, managing the internal machinery and personnel of the executive branch without abridging the ancient liberties of the people.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
▪
The positions of junior assistant to technician in the administration of the Civilian Conservation Corps be, and they are hereby, included in the competitive classified civil service, with the proviso that the initial examination to be held by the Civil Service Commission for each Civilian Conservation Corps camp shall be limited to enrollees of the Civilian Conservation Corps; and with the further proviso that the incumbents on the date of this order of positions the duties of which correspond to those performed by junior assistants to technician may acquire a status for appointment to positions of junior assistant to technician by passing an appropriate noncompetitive examination to be prescribed by the United States Civil Service…
▪
Hereafter all appointments to these positions shall be made in accordance with the civil-service rules.
▪
Persons who now hold these positions and who fail to qualify for retention as a result of the noncompetitive or open competitive examination provided for herein, shall be replaced within 60 days from the date of the establishment of. the Commission's list of eligibles.
▪
"Paragraph (4) of Executive Order No. 6126, of May 8, 1933, is hereby revoked insofar as, and to the extent that, it is in conflict with this order."
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
🏛️ Merchants, Importers & Commercial Enterprises
🏛️ Executive Departments & Federal Civil Servants
Policy Areas & Topics
🏛️
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight)
§
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
JM
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Madisonian Stance: Vigilant / Cautionary
AH
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
Hamiltonian Stance: Defends Vigor & Dispatch
GM
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
📐
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
⚖️ Discretionary Twilight Zone
43 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8
Moderate Friction
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3
Moderate Friction
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Directs internal executive branch machinery, agency workflows, and federal personnel.
Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment
Moderate Friction
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments
Low Friction
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers
Moderate Friction
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
Benchmark: Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
⚖️
Audit Synthesis
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
297
1,827 characters
Estimated Read Time
1 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
15.1
College Level
Text size:
Related Executive Orders
2 orders cited directly in this text, plus related actions from this administration.
EO 7195 Sep 26, 1935
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 7195—Including in the Competitive Classified Civil Service the Positions of Junior Assistant to Technician in the Administration of the Civilian Conservation Corps
📜 Art. II §3: Administrative Management & Civil Service
The positions of junior assistant to technician in the administration of the Civilian Conservation Corps be, and they are hereby, included in the competitive classified civil service, with the proviso that the initial examination to be held by the Civil Service Commission for…
Franklin D. Roosevelt High School • 1m
EO 6126 May 8, 1933
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 6126—Administration of the Emergency Conservation Work
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
(1) In view of the limitation prescribed by the said act as to the time when the conservation work provided for therein must cease, the Director of the Emergency Conservation Work is hereby authorized, empowered, and directed within the limits of the allotment of funds made to…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 2m
EO 7224 Nov 13, 1935
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 7224—Amendment of Executive Order No. 4728, as Amended, Relating to Commutation of Rations and Quarters to Enlisted Men
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
Executive Order No. 4728, of September 29, 1927, as amended by Executive Order No. 5022, of January 5, 1929, and restored to full force and effect by Executive Order No. 5288, of February 26, 1930, and amended by Executive Order No. 6605, of February 17, 1934, is hereby further…
Franklin D. Roosevelt High School • 1m
EO 7224 Nov 14, 1935
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 7224-A—Documents Required of Aliens Entering the Philippine Islands
📜 10th Amend: Intergovernmental Federalism Cooperation
I hereby prescribe the following documentary requirements for aliens desiring admission into the Philippine Islands. The provisions of this Order shall be applicable to Chinese except as may be otherwise provided by special laws and regulations governing the entry of such aliens.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 3m
EO 7226 Nov 15, 1935
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 7226—Amending Executive Order No. 7046 of May 20, 1935, Prescribing Rules and Regulations Relating to Wages, Hours of Work, and Conditions of Employment Under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935
📜 10th Amend: Intergovernmental Federalism Cooperation
AMENDMENT TO SUBDIVISION (e) OF PART I OF REGULATION NO. 1 By virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, approved April 8, 1935 (Public Resolution No. 11, 74th Congress), subdivision (e) of Part I of Regulation No. 1…
Franklin D. Roosevelt College Level • 1m
EO 7225 Nov 15, 1935
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 7225—Authorizing Procurement Officers and Employees of the Treasury Department to Certify Certain Vouchers
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
I hereby authorize the Director of Procurement of the Treasury Department and such officers and employees under his direction as he may designate in writing, to certify and approve vouchers and schedules of disbursements chargeable to any appropriation-allocation under the…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
📜
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 7223 (Nov. 9, 1935), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-7223-amendment-executive-order-no-7195-september-26-1935-including-the.
