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Executive Order 7575 🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority Constitutional Neutral (+0.02) 📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution

Executive Order 7575—Limiting the Importation of Red Cedar Shingles From Canada

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Saturday, March 13, 1937
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2 min read (456 words)

Executive Brief • At a Glance

⏱️ 2 min read (456 words) • ● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate

The quantity of red cedar shingles imported from Canada which may be admitted to entry during the first six months of the calendar year 1937 shall be limited to 1,048,262 squares, which quantity is equivalent to 25 per centum of the combined total of the shipments and imports of red cedar shingles for the last six months of the calendar year 1936.

⚖️ Constitutional Footing
🏛️✅ Zone 1: Maximum Authority
Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Merchants, Importers & Commercial Enterprises Financial Institutions & Monetary Authorities

Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis

Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.

Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 13, 1937, this order concerns Limiting the Importation of Red Cedar Shingles From Canada. The quantity of red cedar shingles imported from Canada which may be admitted to entry during the first six months of the calendar year 1937 shall be limited to 1,048,262 squares, which quantity is equivalent to 25 per centum of the combined total of the shipments and imports of red cedar shingles for the last six months of the calendar year 1936.

Constitutional Assessment: This action represents an orderly exercise of Article II administrative discretion, managing the internal machinery and personnel of the executive branch without abridging the ancient liberties of the people.

Key Directives & Operative Actions

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The quantity of red cedar shingles imported from Canada which may be admitted to entry during the first six months of the calendar year 1937 shall be limited to 1,048,262 squares, which quantity is equivalent to 25 per centum of the combined total of the shipments and imports of red cedar shingles for the last six months of the calendar year 1936.

Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted

🏛️ Merchants, Importers & Commercial Enterprises 🏛️ Financial Institutions & Monetary Authorities

Policy Areas & Topics

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The Framers' Constitutional Council

1787 Prism

Evaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.

🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority)
§

"When the President acts pursuant to an express or implied authorization of Congress, his authority is at its maximum, for it includes all that he possesses in his own right plus all that Congress can delegate."

— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
JM

James Madison

Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy

"The constitutional magistracy was designed not to invent policy, but to be the faithful instrument of the laws passed by the people's representatives." — Speech in the First Congress (1789)

Madison would approve the structural posture of this order. The President acts strictly in subordination to statutory authority granted under Article II, Section 3 ("take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"). The checks and balances hold firm because the policy origin remains with the legislature.

Madisonian Stance: Concurring (Statutory)
AH

Alexander Hamilton

The Energetic Executive & Unified Command

"The direction of war implies the direction of the common strength; and the power of directing and employing the common strength must be under the direction of the single hand of the Executive." — Federalist No. 74 (1788)

Hamilton would forcefully champion executive discretion here. For foreign entanglements, commerce defense, and national security, deliberative assemblies are too slow and faction-ridden. A unified, energetic Executive exercising swift command is precisely what the Philadelphia Convention intended for national preservation.

Hamiltonian Stance: Supportive of Execution
GM

George Mason

Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment

"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)

The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.

Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
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Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions

An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.

🛡️ High Constitutional Concordance
23 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8

Legislative Encroachment & Purse

Low Friction

Operates within delegated statutory execution without modifying legislative appropriations or taxing powers.

Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3

Executive Scope & Faithfulness

Low Friction

Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.

Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment

Federalism & State Sovereignty

Moderate Friction

Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.

Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments

Due Process & Individual Rights

Low Friction

Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.

Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers

Youngstown Jacksonian Tier

Low Friction

The President operates strictly as the constitutional Chief Executive, carrying out policy established by Congress with strong statutory backing.

Benchmark: Express or Implied Congressional Authorization
⚖️ Audit Synthesis

This order operates in close harmony with statutory authority and standard Article II supervisory execution.

Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
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How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
456
2,697 characters
Estimated Read Time
2 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
33.1
Post-Graduate Legal
Language Tone Score
+0.02
Constitutional Neutral
How is this scored?
Text size:

Official Archival Text

View Source Document

Whereas section 811 of the Revenue Act of 1936 (49 Stat. 1746) provides, in part, as follows: "Whenever any organization or association representing the producers of more than 75 per centum of the red cedar shingles produced in the United States during the previous half-year period shall request the President to limit the importation of red cedar shingles from Canada under paragraph 1760 of the reciprocal trade agreement entered into with the Dominion of Canada under date of November 15, 1935, and the President finds from available statistics that the total quantity of red cedar shingles produced in the Dominion of Canada which is entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption in the United States, during any given half of any calendar year exceeds or will exceed 25 per centum of the combined total of the shipments of red cedar shingles by producers in the United States and the imports during the preceding half year, the President shall issue an order limiting for the six months immediately following the half of the calendar year in which said excess occurred, the quantity of red cedar shingles to be imported from Canada to 25 per centum of the combined total of the shipments and imports of red cedar shingles for such preceding half calendar year." Whereas the United States Red Cedar Shingle Industry, Inc., has requested me to limit the importation of red cedar shingles from Canada in accordance with the foregoing statutory provision; Whereas I find that the United States Red Cedar Shingle Industry, Inc., represents the producers of more than 75 per centum of the red cedar shingles produced in the United States during the last six months of the calendar year 1936; And Whereas I find from available statistics that the total quantity of red cedar shingles produced in the Dominion of Canada which was entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption in the United States during the last six months of the calendar year 1936 exceeded 25 per centum of the combined total of the shipments of red cedar shingles by producers in the United States and the imports during the first six months of the calendar year 1936: Now, Therefore , by virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by the aforementioned statutory provision it is hereby ordered that the quantity of red cedar shingles imported from Canada which may be admitted to entry during the first six months of the calendar year 1937 shall be limited to 1,048,262 squares, which quantity is equivalent to 25 per centum of the combined total of the shipments and imports of red cedar shingles for the last six months of the calendar year 1936. FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT The White House, March 13, 1937.

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Referenced By Later Executive Orders (4)

Subsequent presidents who cited, amended, continued, or revoked this directive in later orders.

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Scholarly & Legal Citations

Exec. Order No. 7575 (Mar. 13, 1937), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-7575-limiting-the-importation-red-cedar-shingles-from-canada.