By virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 5 of title 2 of the Canal Zone Code, and by section 81 of the said title as amended by section 3 of the act of July 9, 1937, 50 Stat. 486, 487, section 15 of Executive Order No. 1888 of February 2, 1914, prescribing general conditions of employment for employees of The Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad Company on the Isthmus of Panama, is hereby amended to read as follows: "15. Free transportation to United States on termination of service. Employees who are citizens of the United States will on termination of service be granted free transportation to the United States as follows: (a) To New York on Panama Railroad Steamship Line. Free transportation to New York on the Panama Railroad Steamship Line will be granted: (1) to employees with three years' continuous service without regard to the manner in which the employment terminates or is terminated, (2) to employees with less than three years' service who were appointed in the United States and whose employment is terminated by authority of the Governor of The Panama Canal for any cause other than inefficiency or misconduct, and (3) to employees with continuous service of six months or more but less than three years who were appointed on the Isthmus for permanent employment and whose employment is terminated by authority of the Governor for any reason other than inefficiency or misconduct. (b) To any United States port by another line; limitation. Employees entitled to free transportation to New York on the Panama Railroad Steamship Line, under paragraph (a) of this section, may in lieu thereof be granted free transportation to any port of the United States by any other line: Provided, however , that if the cost of such transportation exceeds $50, the employee shall pay such excess cost. (c) To port of embarkation. Employees who were appointed in the United States and to whom free transportation was furnished from a port other than New York will on termination of service be granted free transportation to the port of embarkation (1) if they were appointed prior to April 1, 1914, and have served continuously since such appointment, or (2) if their employment is terminated by retirement, or (3) is terminated by the Governor for any cause other than inefficiency or misconduct. Employees entitled to free transportation to port of embarkation, as provided in this paragraph, may in lieu thereof be granted free transportation to any other port of the United States: Provided, however , that such employees shall pay any excess in the cost of such transportation over the cost to the port of embarkation. (d) Availability of benefits hereunder. Benefits authorized upon the basis, as stated in this section, of three years' continuous service, or of appointment prior to April 1, 1914, and continuous service thereafter, or of termination of employment by retirement, shall be available to an employee at any time after termination of his employment. Benefits authorized upon the sole basis, as stated in this section, of termination of employment by authority of the Governor for a cause other than inefficiency or misconduct, shall be available to an employee for a period of six months immediately following termination of his employment, and not thereafter. FRANKLIN D ROOSEVELT The White House, July 25, 1939.
Executive Order 8215—Amendment of Section 15 of Executive Order No. 1888 of February 2, 1914, Prescribing General Conditions of Employment for Employees of The Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad Company on the Isthmus of Panama
Executive Brief • At a Glance
5 of Executive Order No. 1888 of February 2, 1914, prescribing general conditions of employment for employees of The Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad Company on the Isthmus of Panama, is hereby amended to read as follows: "15.
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on July 25, 1939, this order concerns Amendment of Section 15 of Executive Order No. 1888 of February 2, 1914, Prescribing General Conditions of Employment for Employees of The Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad Company on the Isthmus of Panama. 5 of Executive Order No. 1888 of February 2, 1914, prescribing general conditions of employment for employees of The Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad Company on the Isthmus of Panama, is hereby amended to read as follows: "15. Free transportation to United States on termination of service.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
5 of Executive Order No. 1888 of February 2, 1914, prescribing general conditions of employment for employees of The Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad Company on the Isthmus of Panama, is hereby amended to read as follows: "15.
Free transportation to New York on the Panama Railroad Steamship Line will be granted: (1) to employees with three years' continuous service without regard to the manner in which the employment terminates or is terminated, (2) to employees with less than three years' service who were appointed in the United States and whose employment is terminated by authority of the Governor of The Panama Canal for any cause other than inefficiency or misconduct, and (3) to employees with continuous service of six months or more but less than three years who were appointed on the Isthmus for permanent employment and whose employment is terminated by authority of the Governor for any reason other than inefficiency or misconduct.
Employees entitled to free transportation to New York on the Panama Railroad Steamship Line, under paragraph (a) of this section, may in lieu thereof be granted free transportation to any port of the United States by any other line: Provided, however , that if the cost of such transportation exceeds $50, the employee shall pay such excess cost.
Employees who were appointed in the United States and to whom free transportation was furnished from a port other than New York will on termination of service be granted free transportation to the port of embarkation (1) if they were appointed prior to April 1, 1914, and have served continuously since such appointment, or (2) if their employment is terminated by retirement, or (3) is terminated by the Governor for any cause other than inefficiency or misconduct.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
Policy Areas & Topics
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Due Process & Individual Rights
Applies regulatory or compliance standards to private contractors or commercial entities.
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Referenced By Later Executive Orders (1)
Subsequent presidents who cited, amended, continued, or revoked this directive in later orders.
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 8215 (July 25, 1939), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-8215-amendment-section-15-executive-order-no-1888-february-2-1914.