I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, and otherwise, do hereby provide as follows and do hereby prescribe the rules and regulations hereinafter set forth which I deem necessary for carrying out the purposes of title I of said act: I hereby offer to enter into the President's Reemployment Agreement with every employer, insofar as he is not covered by an approved code of fair competition, for a further period of 4 months from January 1, 1934, to April 30, 1934, or to any earlier date of approval of a code of fair competition to which he is subject. Employers who shall have already signed the President's Reemployment Agreement before January 1, 1934, may accept this offer of extension by display of the Blue Eagle on or after January 1, 1934. Employers who shall not have signed the President's Reemployment Agreement before January 1, 1934, may accept this offer of extension by signing the President's Reemployment Agreement. All substitutions and exemptions approved, and all exceptions granted to particular employers, before January 1, 1934, will apply to the President's Reemployment Agreement as so extended. Display of the Blue Eagle on or after January 1, 1934, by an employer who shall have signed the President's Reemployment Agreement prior to January 1, 1934, shall be deemed an acceptance of this offer of extension; and for the purpose of my Executive order dated October 14, 1933, which among other things prohibits false representation of compliance with the provisions of the President's Reemployment Agreement, display of the Blue Eagle by any employer on or after January 1, 1934, shall be deemed a representation that he is complying with the President's Reemployment Agreement, as extended by this Executive order. I hereby authorize the Administrator for Industrial Recovery to make such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary to supplement, amplify or carry out the purposes and intent of this Executive order. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT The White House, December 19, 1933.
Executive Order 6515 ⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight Constitutional Neutral (+0.02)
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
Executive Order 6515—Extension of the President's Reemployment Agreement to April 30, 1934
Executive Brief • At a Glance
⏱️ 2 min read (347 words) •
● In Effect
🎯 Primary Mandate
I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, and otherwise, do hereby provide as follows and do hereby prescribe the rules and regulations hereinafter set forth which I deem necessary for carrying out the purposes of title I of said act: I hereby offer to enter into the President's Reemployment Agreement with every employer, insofar as he is not covered by an approved code of fair competition, for a further period of 4 months from January 1, 1934, to April 30, 1934, or to any earlier date of approval of a code of fair competition to which he is subject.
⚖️ Constitutional Footing
⚖️✨ Zone 2: Zone of Twilight
Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
🏛️ Scope & Affected Sectors
Executive Branch Departments General Body of the People
Plain-English Translation & Framers' Constitutional Analysis
Early Statesman synthesis distilling legal jargon into practical meaning, statutory anchors, and structural constitutional impacts.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on December 19, 1933, this order concerns Extension of the President's Reemployment Agreement to April 30, 1934. I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, and otherwise, do hereby provide as follows and do hereby prescribe the rules and regulations hereinafter set forth which I deem necessary for carrying out the purposes of title I of said act: I hereby offer to enter into the President's…
Constitutional Assessment: This action represents an orderly exercise of Article II administrative discretion, managing the internal machinery and personnel of the executive branch without abridging the ancient liberties of the people.
Key Directives & Operative Actions
▪
I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, and otherwise, do hereby provide as follows and do hereby prescribe the rules and regulations hereinafter set forth which I deem necessary for carrying out the purposes of title I of said act: I hereby offer to enter into the President's Reemployment Agreement with every employer, insofar as he is not covered by an approved code of fair competition, for a further period of 4 months from January 1, 1934, to April 30, 1934, or to any earlier date of approval of a code of fair competition to which he is subject.
▪
Employers who shall have already signed the President's Reemployment Agreement before January 1, 1934, may accept this offer of extension by display of the Blue Eagle on or after January 1, 1934.
▪
Employers who shall not have signed the President's Reemployment Agreement before January 1, 1934, may accept this offer of extension by signing the President's Reemployment Agreement.
▪
All substitutions and exemptions approved, and all exceptions granted to particular employers, before January 1, 1934, will apply to the President's Reemployment Agreement as so extended.
Constitutional & Societal Entities Impacted
🏛️ Executive Branch Departments
🏛️ General Body of the People
Policy Areas & Topics
🏛️
The Framers' Constitutional Council
1787 PrismEvaluating this order against the constitutional debates of 1787 and the limits of Article II executive power.
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight)
§
"When the President acts in absence of either a congressional grant or denial of authority, he can only rely upon his own independent powers, but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have concurrent authority."
— Justice Robert H. Jackson, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952) Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
JM
James Madison
Separation of Powers & Legislative Primacy
"Power is of an encroaching nature, and it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it." — Federalist No. 48 (1788)
Madison would view this order with watchful scrutiny. Operating in the 'Zone of Twilight' where Congress is silent, each such directive establishes an administrative precedent that steadily expands the executive perimeter at the expense of legislative primacy.
Madisonian Stance: Vigilant / Cautionary
AH
Alexander Hamilton
The Energetic Executive & Unified Command
"A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government." — Federalist No. 70 (1788)
Hamilton would view this directive as the natural and indispensable functioning of administrative leadership. Without the power to coordinate agencies, manage personnel, and resolve operational ambiguities, the modern presidency would be reduced to an impotent figurehead.
Hamiltonian Stance: Defends Vigor & Dispatch
GM
George Mason
Bill of Rights, Due Process & 10th Amendment
"The president will be surrounded by flatterers and sycophants... and the great powers of the executive will gradually absorb the liberties of the people." — Cato IV (Anti-Federalist, 1787)
The Anti-Federalist prism advises continuous democratic vigilance. Even routine administrative directives aggregate centralized federal power away from town halls and state assemblies toward a distant executive apparatus.
Anti-Federalist Stance: Eternal Vigilance Required
📐
Five Measurable "Constitutional Friction" Dimensions
An objective audit measuring potential separation-of-powers tension against the United States Constitution and established Supreme Court doctrine.
⚖️ Discretionary Twilight Zone
38 / 100 friction index
Dimension 1 • Art. I, §1 & §8
Moderate Friction
Legislative Encroachment & Purse
Administers commerce or fiscal programs requiring ongoing statutory delegation and legislative oversight.
Benchmark: Power of the purse, taxes/tariffs, and rule of law reserved to Congress.
Dimension 2 • Art. II, §1 & §3
Low Friction
Executive Scope & Faithfulness
Exercises standard supervisory executive authority to faithfully execute existing statutes.
Benchmark: Faithfully execute laws enacted by Congress vs. unilateral decree.
Dimension 3 • 10th Amendment
Moderate Friction
Federalism & State Sovereignty
Engages state and local partners in cooperative federalism programs.
Benchmark: Police powers and un-delegated responsibilities reserved to the States.
Dimension 4 • 5th & 14th Amendments
Low Friction
Due Process & Individual Rights
Focuses on internal governmental operations with no direct impairment of private rights or property.
Benchmark: Protection of private property, contracts, liberty, and procedural justice.
Dimension 5 • Separation of Powers
Moderate Friction
Youngstown Jacksonian Tier
The order relies on inherent Article II executive discretion, civil service management, or foreign diplomacy where Congress has neither expressly approved nor prohibited action.
Benchmark: Concurrent Authority / Congressional Silence
⚖️
Audit Synthesis
This order operates within Justice Jackson’s Zone of Twilight, resting upon concurrent presidential authority or congressional silence.
Weighted composite: Art. I (25%), Art. II (25%), Federalism (15%), Due Process (15%), Youngstown (20%).
ℹ️
How to read these dimensions: Executive power expands whenever an administration acts without explicit statutory authorization from Congress (Article I), touches upon police powers historically reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment), or limits private rights and property without judicial process. A low friction score indicates strict concordance with enacted law; a high friction score highlights orders testing the limits of presidential discretion.
Total Words
347
2,141 characters
Estimated Read Time
2 min
@ 200 words / min
Flesch-Kincaid
22.3
Post-Graduate Legal
Text size:
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Referenced By Later Executive Orders (1)
Subsequent presidents who cited, amended, continued, or revoked this directive in later orders.
Franklin D. Roosevelt • 1934-04-14
Related Executive Orders
Other executive actions signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt around this period.
EO 6515 Dec 19, 1933
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 6515-A—Authorizing Charles E. Wyzanski, Jr., to Act as Secretary of Labor
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
I hereby authorize and direct Charles E. Wyzanski, Jr., Solicitor of Labor, to perform the duties of Secretary of Labor during the absence of the Secretary of Labor and the Assistant Secretary of Labor.
Franklin D. Roosevelt High School • 1m
EO 6514 Dec 19, 1933
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 6514—Authorizing the Formation of a Corporation to be Known as Electric Home and Farm Authority, Inc.
📜 5th Amend: Regulatory Execution with Due Process
An agency, to wit, a corporation, under the laws of the State of Delaware, be created, said corporation to be named the ELECTRIC HOME AND FARM AUTHORITY, INC.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 4m
EO 6516 Dec 20, 1933
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 6516—Excusing Federal Employees in the District of Columbia From Duty December 23 and 30, 1933
📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority
The several executive departments and independent Government establishments in the District of Columbia, including the Government Printing Office and the Navy Yard and stations, be closed on Saturday, December 23, 1933, and Saturday, December 30, 1933, and all clerks and other…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 6513 Dec 18, 1933
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 6513-K—Amending Code of Fair Competition for the Automobile Manufacturing Industry
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
I, Franklin I. Roosevelt, President of the United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act, approved June 16, 1933, and otherwise, do adopt and approve the report, recommendations and findings of the Administrator and do…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 2m
EO 6513 Dec 18, 1933
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 6513-J—Amendments to Code of Fair Competition for the Men's Clothing Industry and Amendments to Code of Fair Competition for the Cotton Garment Industry
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
Code of Fair Competition for the Men's Clothing Industry was approved by me on August 26, 1933. A public hearing having been held by the Administrator on due notice, with respect to certain amendments to the said Code, the Administrator having recommended the modification of my…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 6m
EO 6513 Dec 18, 1933
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral
Executive Order 6513-I—Code of Fair Competition for the Cast Iron Soil Pipe Industry (Amendment Number I)
📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations
I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States, pursuant to the authority vested in me by Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act approved June 16, 1933, and otherwise, do adopt and approve the report, recommendations and findings of the Administrator, and do…
Franklin D. Roosevelt Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
📜
Scholarly & Legal Citations
Exec. Order No. 6515 (Dec. 19, 1933), https://executiveordersarchive.org/orders/app-executive-order-6515-extension-the-presidents-reemployment-agreement-april-30-1934.
