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Executive Orders Historical Archive
🎲
Official portrait of Gerald Ford
38th President
Republican Terms: 1974-1977

Gerald Ford

Orders Tracked
169
Avg Words / Order
445
Avg Read Time
~2 min
Avg Sentiment
+0.07
⚖️

Youngstown Separation of Powers

1952 Standard

Distribution of orders across Justice Jackson's constitutional tiers:

35.5%
Zone 1 (60)
Statutory Authorization
63.3%
Zone 2 (107)
Zone of Twilight
1.2%
Zone 3 (2)
Lowest Ebb / Friction
Washington Rate Multiplier: 56.3× Washington Baseline

⚖️ Constitutional Alignment & Sentiment

Evaluated strictly through the U.S. Constitution (Articles I–VII) & Amendments from an Early Statesman's prism

169 Scored
25 (15%)
Constitutional Fidelity
Art. II §3 faithful statutory execution & civil liberty protection
142 (84%)
Constitutional Neutral
Routine departmental administration, civil service, executive seals
2 (1%)
Friction & Overreach
Art. I purse/commerce tension, 10th Amend federalism, property takings

Executive Orders Issued (169)showing the 30 most recent

EO 11966 Jan 19, 1977
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Fidelity (+0.50)

Executive Order 11966—Designating Certain Public International Organizations Entitled to Enjoy Certain Privileges, Exemptions, and Immunities

📜 Art. II §3: Faithful Execution of Statutory Law

The International Development Association, in which the United States participates pursuant to the Act of Congress approved June 30, 1960 (74 Stat. 293, 22 U.S.C. 284) and the Articles of Agreement of the International Development Association (11 U.S.T. 2284, T.I.A.S. 4607), is…

Gerald R. Ford
College Level • 2m
EO 11965 Amended Jan 19, 1977
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11965—Establishing the Humanitarian Service Medal

📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority

There is hereby established a Humanitarian Service Medal with accompanying ribbons and appurtenances for award by the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Transportation with regard to the Coast Guard when not operating as a Service in the Navy.

Gerald R. Ford
Post-Graduate Legal • 2m
EO 11964 Jan 19, 1977
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Fidelity (+0.44)

Executive Order 11964—Implementation of the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972

📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority

With respect to vessels of special construction or purpose, the Secretary of the Navy, for vessels of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating, for all other vessels, shall determine and certify, in accord with Rule I of the…

Gerald R. Ford
Post-Graduate Legal • 3m
EO 11963 Jan 19, 1977
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11963—Delegating Reporting Functions Under the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, as Amended

📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution

Executive Order No. 10900, as amended, is further amended by adding to Section 1 thereof a new subsection (d) as follows: " (d) The Secretary of Agriculture, after consultation with the Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Administrator of the Agency for International…

Gerald R. Ford
College Level • 1m
EO 11962 Jan 19, 1977
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Fidelity (+0.44)

Executive Order 11962—Establishing the President's Advisory Board on International Investment

📜 Art. II §3: Faithful Execution of Statutory Law

There is hereby established the President's Advisory Board on International Investment, hereinafter referred to as the Board, which shall be composed of not more than fifteen members who shall be appointed by the President.

Gerald R. Ford
High School • 2m
EO 11961 Jan 19, 1977
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11961—Administration of the International Investment Survey Act of 1976

📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution

All the functions vested in the President by the International Investment Survey Act of 1976 (90 Stat. 2059, 22 U.S.C. 3101), hereinafter referred to as the Act, are hereby delegated to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, hereinafter referred to as the Director.

Gerald R. Ford
College Level • 2m
EO 11960 Jan 19, 1977
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11960—Amending the Generalized System of Preferences

📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution

In order to subdivide existing items for purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences, the Tariff Schedules of the United States (TSUS) are modified as provided in Annex 1, attached hereto and made a part hereof. SEC. 2.

Gerald R. Ford
High School • 1m
EO 11959 Jan 18, 1977
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11959—Administration of Foreign Assistance and Related Functions

📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority

Executive Order No. 10973, as amended, is hereby further amended as follows: SECTION 1. Section 101 is amended by striking out "and (6) " and inserting in lieu thereof "(6) sections 413 (b) and 607 of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (90…

Gerald R. Ford
High School • 4m
EO 11958 Amended Jan 18, 1977
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11958—Administration of Arms Export Controls

📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority

Delegation of Functions. The following functions conferred upon the President by the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.), hereinafter referred to as the Act, are delegated as follows: (a) Those under Section 3 of the Act, with the exception of subsections (a) (1)…

Gerald R. Ford
Post-Graduate Legal • 6m
EO 11957 Revoked Jan 13, 1977
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11957—Designation of Certain Officers to Act as Secretary of Agriculture

📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations

During any period when, by reason of absence, disability, or vacancy in office, both the Secretary of Agriculture and the Deputy Secretary of Agriculture are not available to exercise the powers or perform the duties of the Office of Secretary, the officers from the Department…

Gerald R. Ford
Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 11956 Jan 13, 1977
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11956—Relating to Voluntary Agreements

📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority

Section 501 of Executive Order No. 10480 of August 14, 1953, as amended, is amended to read as follows : "SEC. 501. (a) The functions conferred upon the President by Section 708(c) (1) and (d) of the Defense Production Act, as amended, are hereby delegated to the Administrator…

Gerald R. Ford
Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 11955 Jan 10, 1977
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11955—Permitting Certain Qualified Employees of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be Given Career or Career-Conditional Appointment

📜 Art. II §3: Administrative Management & Civil Service

The appointment of a Command Pilot, Pilot or Mission Specialist candidate to a position in the Space Shuttle Astronaut Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, which is listed under Schedule B of the Schedule of Excepted Positions, may be converted to…

Gerald R. Ford
Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 11954 Jan 7, 1977
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11954—Federal Property Review

📜 5th Amend: Regulatory Execution with Due Process

The Federal Property Council (hereinafter referred to as the Council) is hereby reconstituted in the Executive Office of the President. The Council shall consist of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, who shall be its Chairman, the Chairman of the Council of…

Gerald R. Ford
Post-Graduate Legal • 3m
EO 11952 Jan 7, 1977
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Fidelity (+0.50)

Executive Order 11952—Conforming the Foreign Service and Civil Service Retirement and Disability Systems

📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority

The enactment (subsequent to January 1, 1974) of the following laws has affected a provision of general applicability in the Civil Service Retirement and Disability System (subchapter III, chapter 83 of Title 5 of the United States Code) or otherwise affected current or former…

Gerald R. Ford
College Level • 7m
EO 11951 Jan 6, 1977
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11951—Relating to the Arrangement Regarding International Trade in Textiles

📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations

(c) of Executive Order No. 11651 of March 3, 1972, is amended by deleting "Articles 3 and 6 of the Long Term Arrangement Regarding International Trade in Cotton Textiles done at Geneva on February 9, 1962, as extended," and substituting "Articles 3 and 8 of the Arrangement…

Gerald R. Ford
Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 11950 Jan 6, 1977
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11950—Conforming the Central Intelligence Agency and Civil Service Retirement and Disability Systems With Respect to Cost of Living Adjustments

📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority

The Director of Central Intelligence shall: (a) on January 1 of each year, or within a reasonable time thereafter, determine the percent change in the price index published for December of the preceding year over the price index published for June of the preceding year, and (b)…

Gerald R. Ford
Post-Graduate Legal • 2m
EO 11949 Dec 31, 1976
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11949—Economic Impact Statements

📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations

The title of Executive Order No. 11821 of November 27, 1974 is amended to read "Economic Impact Statements". SEC. 2. Section 5 of Executive Order No. 11821 of November 27, 1974 is amended by deleting "December 31, 1976" and substituting therefor "December 31, 1977".

Gerald R. Ford
High School • 1m
EO 11948 Dec 20, 1976
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11948—Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees

📜 Art. II §3: Administrative Management & Civil Service

Each advisory committee listed below is hereby continued until December 31, 1978: (a) Citizens' Advisory Council on the Status of Women - Executive Order No. 11126, as amended (Department of Labor).

Gerald R. Ford
High School • 2m
EO 11947 Nov 8, 1976
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11947—Reports and Investigations Relating to the Administration of the Trade Agreements Program

📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution

Executive Order No. 11846 of March 27, 1975, as amended, hereinafter referred to as the Order, is hereby amended as follows: SECTION 1. Section's 3 (e) and (f) of the Order are redesignated as Sections 3 (f) and (g), respectively, and a new Section 3(e) is added as follows…

Gerald R. Ford
Post-Graduate Legal • 3m
EO 11946 Oct 25, 1976
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11946—White House Fellowships

📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority

Executive Order No. 11183 of October 3, 1964, as amended, is hereby further amended as follows: SECTION 1. Paragraph (5) of subsection 2(b) is amended to read: "(5) Are not, on the date on which they apply or at any time between the date of application and the beginning of…

Gerald R. Ford
Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 11945 Oct 25, 1976
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11945—Physical Fitness and Sports

📜 10th Amend: Intergovernmental Federalism Cooperation

Executive Order No. 11562, as amended, is further amended as follows: SECTION 1. Section 1 is amended to read: "Section 1. Program for physical fitness and sports .

Gerald R. Ford
Post-Graduate Legal • 2m
EO 11944 Oct 25, 1976
🏛️✅ Zone 1 (Maximum Authority) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11944—Authorizing Delegation of Authority to the Secretary of the Treasury With Respect to the Northern Mariana Islands

📜 Art. I §8: Delegated Tariff & Commerce Execution

Section 2 of Executive Order No. 11021 of May 7, 1962, is amended by deleting the period at the end of Section 2 and by adding the following: ", except that the Secretary may, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, delegate to the Secretary of the Treasury so much…

Gerald R. Ford
College Level • 1m
EO 11943 Oct 25, 1976
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11943—Amendment of Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances

📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations

The adjusted maximum scale of pay in the Section 4103 Schedule for Director of Nursing Service, as set forth in Schedule 3 of Executive Order No. 11941 of October 1, 1976, is amended by changing "2,611*" to read "52,611*".

Gerald R. Ford
High School • 1m
EO 11942 Oct 22, 1976
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11942—Exemption of Ashton C. Barrett From Mandatory Retirement

📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations

Ashton C. Barrett, a member of the Federal Maritime Commission, will become subject to mandatory retirement because of age and service as of October 31, 1976, under the provisions of Section 8335 of Title 5 of the United States Code, unless exempted by Executive order.

Gerald R. Ford
High School • 1m
EO 11941 Oct 1, 1976
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11941—Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Allowances

📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations

Statutory Pay Systems . Pursuant to the provisions of subchapter I of Chapter 53 of Title 5 of the United States Code, the rates of basic pay and salaries are adjusted; as set forth at the schedules attached hereto and made a part hereof, for the following statutory pay…

Gerald R. Ford
High School • 2m
EO 11940 Sep 30, 1976
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11940—Continuing the Regulation of Exports

📜 Art. II §1: Executive Discretion & Internal Operations

Notwithstanding the expiration of the Export Administration Act of 1969, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 2401-2413), the provisions for administration of that act contained in Executive Order No. 11533 of June 4, 1970, as continued in effect by Executive Orders Nos. 11683 of August…

Gerald R. Ford
College Level • 3m
EO 11939 Sep 30, 1976
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11939—Basic Allowances for Quarters

📜 Art. II §2: Commander-in-Chief Supervisory Authority

Section 403 of Part IV of Executive Order No. 11157 of June 24, 1964, as amended, is further amended by : (a) inserting "(a)" after "Sec. 403.", (b) redesignating clauses (a), (b), and (c) as (1), (2) and (3) respectively, and redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as (A) and (B)…

Gerald R. Ford
Post-Graduate Legal • 1m
EO 11937 Sep 10, 1976
⚖️✨ Zone 2 (Zone of Twilight) Constitutional Neutral

Executive Order 11937—Relating to Appointments to the Quetico-Superior Committee

📜 5th Amend: Regulatory Execution with Due Process

Executive Order No. 11342 of April 10, 1967, is hereby amended as follows: SECTION 1. Section 2(b) is amended by deleting "Two" and inserting "Five" in lieu thereof. SEC. 2. Section 4(a) is amended to read as follows: "SEC. 4. Terms; compensation.

Gerald R. Ford
College Level • 1m
Browse all 169 orders by Gerald Ford →

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